Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Cenozoic Igneous Facies and Hypothesis of Annular Eruption Pattern, Bohai Area-A Case Study

Based on the study of the igneous rocks of X structure, Bohai Bay Basin, the seismic response characteristics of the igneous facies in the entire area were described and summarized. Aimed at the special seismic response characteristics of the igneous rock in the study area, based on the three types of traditional eruption patterns, a new type of volcanic eruption pattern, annular eruption pattern, was propose for the first time. Annular eruption pattern meant that the volcanic conduit represented zonal distribution in the plane. The characteristics of annular eruption pattern and its impact on hydrocarbon accumulation were fully demonstrated. Annular eruption pattern was firstly proposed in the study field of igneous rocks, which can effectively guide the analysis of the risk and potential of the oil field

Interrogation on the Cellular Nano-Interface and Biosafety of Repeated Nano-Electroporation by Nanostraw System

Cell perforation is a critical step for intracellular drug delivery and real-time biosensing of intracellular signals. In recent years, the nanostraws system has been developed to achieve intracellular drug delivery with minimal invasiveness to the cells. Repeated cell perforation via nano-system could allow delivery of multiple drugs into cells for cell editing, but the biosafety is rarely explored. In this work, a nanostraw-mediated nano-electroporation system was developed, which allowed repeated perforation of the same set of cells in a minimally invasive manner, while the biosafety aspect of this system was investigated. Highly controllable fabrication of Al2O3 nanostraw arrays based on a porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane was integrated with a microfluidic device to construct the nanostraw-electroporation system. The pulse conditions and intervals of nano-electroporation were systematically optimized to achieve efficient cells perforation and maintain the viability of the cells. The cells proliferation, the early apoptosis activities after nanostraw-electroporation and the changes of gene functions and gene pathways of cells after repeated nano-electroporation were comprehensively analyzed. These results revealed that the repeated nanostraw-electroporation did not induce obvious negative effects on the cells. This work demonstrates the feasibility of repeated nano-electroporation on cells and provides a promising strategy for future biomedical applications

Comparison of Clinicopathological Characteristics Between Primary and Contralateral Cancers in BRCA1/2 Carriers with Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancers

Objective To compare the clinicopathological characteristics between primary and contralateral cancers in patients with metachronous bilateral breast cancer (MBBC) who carried a BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant. Methods A total of 496 BRCA1/2 carriers with primary unilateral breast cancer were included (196 with BRCA1 and 300 with BRCA2). Clinicopathological information of patients was collected, and the median follow-up for the entire cohort was 10.4 years (0.4-20.8 years). Results Among all patients, 31 (15.8%) of the 196 BRCA1 carriers and 49 (16.3%) of the 300 BRCA2 carriers had MBBC, respectively. Among the 31 BRCA1 carriers who developed MBBC, the proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in primary cancer and contralateral cancer was 61.3% and 67.7%, respectively. If the primary cancer of BRCA1-mutated MBBC was TNBC, the probability of the contralateral breast cancer with TNBC was 89.5% (17/19), which was significantly higher than that if the primary cancer was non-TNBC (33.3%, 4/12) (P=0.004). Among the 49 BRCA2 carriers who developed MBBC, the predominant molecular phenotype of the primary and contralateral cancers was HR+ & HER2- (77.6% and 67.3%, respectively; P=0.53). Conclusion Approximately 60% of BRCA1 carriers exhibit TNBC. If a BRCA1 carrier with a TNBC primary breast cancer had an MBBC, the probability of the contralateral breast cancer being TNBC phenotype is almost 89.5%

Determination of Transdermal Rate of Metallic Microneedle Array through an Impedance Measurements-Based Numerical Check Screening Algorithm

Microneedle systems have been widely used in health monitoring, painless drug delivery, and medical cosmetology. Although many studies on microneedle materials, structures, and applications have been conducted, the applications of microneedles often suffered from issues of inconsistent penetration rates due to the complication of skin-microneedle interface. In this study, we demonstrated a methodology of determination of transdermal rate of metallic microneedle array through impedance measurements-based numerical check screening algorithm. Metallic sheet microneedle array sensors with different sizes were fabricated to evaluate different transdermal rates. In vitro sensing of hydrogen peroxide confirmed the effect of transdermal rate on the sensing outcomes. An FEM simulation model of a microneedle array revealed the monotonous relation between the transdermal state and test current. Accordingly, two methods were primely derived to calculate the transdermal rate from the test current. First, an exact logic method provided the number of unpenetrated tips per sheet, but it required more rigorous testing results. Second, a fuzzy logic method provided an approximate transdermal rate on adjacent areas, being more applicable and robust to errors. Real-time transdermal rate estimation may be essential for improving the performance of microneedle systems, and this study provides various fundaments toward that goal

Experimental methods for fabrication and characterization of TiO₂ nanowire-templated hierarchical nanowire network from TiO₂ nanowire-templated hierarchical nanowire network as water-repelling coating

Synthesis, surface modification, characterization and static contact angle analysis details of ZnO@TiO₂ hierarchical nanowire networ

Transdermal Delivery of Living and Biofunctional Probiotics through Dissolvable Microneedle Patches

Bioactive functional probiotics play an important role in many health applications such as maintaining skin health and the immunity of the human host. Artificial supplementation of probiotics would enhance immune functions as well as regulate skin health. However, simple and effective methods to deliver probiotics into the dermis to regulate local dermal tissue are still lacking. Furthermore, microneedles have been used for transdermal drug delivery in a pain-free manner, yet there were few reported methods to deliver living microbes via microneedles. In this work, we developed a technique to deliver bioactive functional probiotics, using lactobacillus as the model probiotic, into local dermis by dissolvable microneedles. The transdermal delivery of probiotics might enhance local skin regulation and immunity, and dissolvable microneedles served as a safe and pain-free tool for dermal microbial delivery. Lactobacillus was encapsulated in dissolvable microneedles with high viability by a centrifugation casting method. The microneedles rapidly dissolved after skin penetration, releasing the lactobacillus into the subcutaneous space, without causing local tissue irritation. The lactobacillus was functionally bioactive following transdermal delivery, actively synthesizing lactic acid both ex vivo and in vivo. Our technique provided a safe, effective, and convenient approach for the transdermal delivery of probiotics into local skin, with the potential to improve skin health and immunity