Curcumin inhibits migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells through up-regulation of miR-206 and suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Curcumin has been proved to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about antimetastatic effects and molecular mechanisms of curcumin in NSCLC. In this study, we investigated the involvement of miR-206 in curcumin’s anti-invasion and anti-migration in NSCLC. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing assay and transwell assay. MiRNA-206 expression was detected by real-time PCR. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Curcumin significantly inhibited migration and invasion in A549 cells, accompanied by significantly elevated miR-206 expression. Overexpression of miR-206 could inhibit migration and invasion of A549 cells, but it could also significantly decrease the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and AKT. The inhibition of miR-206 promoted cell migration, invasion and increased the phosphorylation level of mTOR and AKT. Furthermore, miR-206 mimics improved the inhibitory effects of curcumin on cell migration, invasion and the phosphorylation level of mTOR and AKT in A549 cells. On the contrary, MiR-206 inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effects of curcumin on cell migration, invasion and the phosphorylation level of mTOR and AKT. In conclusion, curcumin inhibited cell invasion and migration in NSCLC by elevating the expression of miR-206 which further suppressed the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

Behavioral Aspects of HIV Prevention in China

__Abstract__ Globally, HIV transmission dominantly occurs through unprotected sexual acts. Although China has not yet what many would consider a widespread AIDS epidemic, the incidence rate of HIV infection has risen sharply over the past decade. To be able to effectively reduce incidence, it is important to achieve radical behavioral changes – both between individuals and across large groups of people at-risk. China knows a number of risk population groups for HIV infection, namely conventional high risk population groups (For examples: sex workers and men who have sex with men) and general population groups who are at risk yet have been less concerned in HIV prevention. In this thesis, we describe a number of studies on the identification of risk factors and determinants of HIV-related behaviors among several high risk yet neglected general population groups, including health care workers, college students and general internal migrants, in China. We also explore the elements bridging these determinants into effective and practical HIV prevention interventions. Our aim was to contribute to the development of effective preventive measures against HIV infections in the neglected high risk populations

H

This paper is concerned with H∞ static output tracking control of nonlinear systems with one-sided Lipschitz condition. The dimensions of system model and reference model may be different. A static output feedback controller is designed to guarantee that the system output asymptotically tracks the reference output with H∞ disturbance rejection level. A new sufficient condition is derived to obtain the static output feedback gain by linear matrix inequality (LMI), and no equality constraints can be needed. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

Interaction of Avelox with Bovine Serum Albumin and Effect of the Coexistent Drugs on the Reaction

The interaction between Avelox and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated at different temperatures by fluorescence spectroscopy. Results showed that Avelox could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA strongly, and the quenching mechanism was a static quenching process with Förester spectroscopy energy transfer. The electrostatic force played an important role on the conjugation reaction between BSA and Avelox. The order of magnitude of binding constants (Ka) was 104, and the number of binding site (n) in the binary system was approximately equal to 1. The binding distance (r) was less than 3 nm and the primary binding site for Avelox was located in subdomain IIA of BSA. Synchronous fluorescence spectra clearly revealed that the microenvironment of amino acid residues and the conformation of BSA were changed during the binding reaction. In addition, the effect of some antibiotics on the binding constant of Avelox with BSA was also studied

Comparison of high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry in the determination of chitosan content in water-soluble fertilizers

Different analytical methods for the determination of chitosan content in water-soluble fertilizers by HPLC and spectrophotometry were established, and the hydrolysis conditions of chitosan were systematically studied. The results showed that the hydrolysis effect of 1+1 hydrochloric acid solution at 100℃ for 24h was the best. Linear range of HPLC with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) as derivatizing agent. The detection limit and spiked recovery are 1~200 mg/l, 0.07 mg/l and 95~101% respectively, and the corresponding indicators of spectrophotometry are respectively 0~100μg, 0.47μg and 94%. Through comparison, the two methods have good consistency in the determination results of water-soluble fertilizer samples, and can meet the analysis requirements of chitosan content in water-soluble fertilizer. Among them, HPLC has fewer interference factors and higher efficiency. In addition, methyl fluorene chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) was also used as a derivant to derive the hydrolysate of chitosan, and then detected by high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the measured results were basically consistent with the above two methods, but the high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry established in this study were not suitable for the determination of chitosan content in water-soluble fertilizer containing nitrate

Hyperspectral Imaging and Their Applications in the Nondestructive Quality Assessment of Fruits and Vegetables

Over the past decade, hyperspectral imaging has been rapidly developing and widely used as an emerging scientific tool in nondestructive fruit and vegetable quality assessment. Hyperspectral imaging technique integrates both the imaging and spectroscopic techniques into one system, and it can acquire a set of monochromatic images at almost continuous hundreds of thousands of wavelengths. Many researches based on spatial image and/or spectral image processing and analysis have been published proposing the use of hyperspectral imaging technique in the field of quality assessment of fruits and vegetables. This chapter presents a detailed overview of the introduction, latest developments and applications of hyperspectral imaging in the nondestructive assessment of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, the principal components, basic theories, and corresponding processing and analytical methods are also reported in this chapter