Power Generation with Renewable Energy and Advanced Supercritical CO2 Thermodynamic Power Cycles: A Review

Supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) thermodynamic power cycles have been considerably investigated in the applications of fossil fuel and nuclear power generation systems, considering their superior characteristics such as compactness, sustainability, cost-effectiveness, environmentally friendly working fluid, and high thermal efficiency. They can be potentially integrated and applied with various renewable energy systems for low-carbon power generation such that extensive studies in these areas have also been conducted substantially. However, there is a shortage of reviews that specifically concentrate on the integrations of S-CO2 with renewable energy encompassing biomass, solar, geothermal, and waste heat. It is thus necessary to provide an update and overview of the development of S-CO2 renewable energy systems and identify technology and integration opportunities for different types of renewable resources. Correspondingly, this paper not only summarizes the advantages of CO2 working fluid, design layouts of S-CO2 cycles, and classifications of renewable energies to be integrated but also reviews the recent research activities and studies carried out worldwide on advanced S-CO2 power cycles with renewable energy. Moreover, the performance and development of various systems are well grouped and discussed

Preparation and quality evaluation of Ibuprofen and Piphenhydramine hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets

The present study was designed to evaluate the preparation and quality of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets. The formulation was optimized with disintegration time and taste as reference parameters by single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then the hardness, disintegrating time and dissolution were examined. The best prescription was found to contain: ibuprofen 200 mg, diphenhydramine HCl 25 mg, citric acid 30 mg, microcrystalline cellulose 115 mg, mannitol 48.5 mg, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone 40 mg, sodium lauryl sulphate 10 mg, magnesium Stearate 3.5 mg, gum arabic 1.5 mg, aspartame 15 mg, steviosin 1.5 mg, and sodium bicarbonate 10 mg. The orally disintegrating tablets were congruent and smooth with pleasant taste in mouth. The disintegration time was less than 60 s, and more than 80 % of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine HCl were dissolved within 10 min. Consequently, the formulation design is reasonable and the process of preparation is feasible.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Early eclosion of overwintering cotton bollworm moths from warming temperatures accentuates yield loss in wheat

Understanding and predicting the impact of climate change on population demography, biotic interactions and ecosystem service is central to ecology. Long-term time series analysis of insect populations is crucial for analyzing the effect of climate change on plant–insect interactions in agro-ecological systems; yet such data are often lacking. Here, based on field experiments and the long-term time series of the overwintering adult cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected since 1975, we investigate the dynamic trend of H. armigera, as well as its driving forces and effects on the recruitment of H. armigera and crop yield. Results illustrated a shift to early eclosion of diapausing pupae due to global warming, extending the duration and abundance of adults in the overwintering generation. This then led to more larvae recruited in the first generation, and consequently damages the wheat at early growing stages. Our results suggest that the asynchronous effects of rising global surface temperature on the relative growth rate of spring crops and insect pests could intensify in the future, causing accentuated crop yield loss. To mitigate the adverse herbivore-mediated effect on crop yield in a warming climate, efficient cultivation measures and pest management are necessary, such as planting precocious crops with short growth period and timely control of insect pests