A universal malicious documents static detection framework based on feature generalization

In this study, Portable Document Format (PDF), Word, Excel, Rich Test format (RTF) and image documents are taken as the research objects to study a static and fast method by which to detect malicious documents. Malicious PDF and Word document features are abstracted and extended, which can be used to detect other types of documents. A universal static detection framework for malicious documents based on feature generalization is then proposed. The generalized features include specification check errors, the structure path, code keywords, and the number of objects. The proposed method is verified on two datasets, and is compared with Kaspersky, NOD32, and McAfee antivirus software. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good performance in terms of the detection accuracy, runtime, and scalability. The average F1-score of all types of documents is found to be 0.99, and the average detection time of a document is 0.5926 s, which is at the same level as the compared antivirus software.</jats:p

Effect of upadacitinib on atopic hand eczema in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis:Results from two randomized phase 3 trials

BACKGROUND: Approximately 60% of patients with atopic dermatitis have involvement of the hands adding to the burden of disease.OBJECTIVE: This analysis aims to evaluate the effect of upadacitinib monotherapy on atopic hand eczema in patients with moderate-to-severe AD over 16 weeks in the Measure Up 1 and 2 studies.METHODS: Data from patients (ages 12-75) randomized 1:1:1 to receive upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, or placebo once daily in the Measure Up 1 and 2 studies were analysed for impact on atopic hand eczema assessed using the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI). The percent change from baseline in HECSI score was a prespecified additional endpoint at all visits. The proportion of patients with at least a 75% improvement in HECSI score (HECSI 75) was evaluated post hoc.RESULTS: Patients treated with upadacitinib 15 mg or 30 mg experienced greater improvement in HECSI score compared with placebo as early as Week 1, which was maintained through Week 16. At Week 16, the mean change from baseline in HECSI score for patients receiving upadacitinib 15 mg, 30 mg, and placebo was -68%, -74%, and -15% in Measure Up 1 and -68%, -74% and +21% (positive change indicates worsening for placebo) in Measure Up 2, respectively. A greater proportion of upadacitinib-treated patients achieved HECSI 75 compared with placebo at all timepoints beginning at Week 1 through Week 16.CONCLUSIONS: Upadacitinib 15 mg and 30 mg monotherapy provided rapid and sustained improvement in atopic hand eczema compared with placebo through Week 16 in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. At Week 16, the observed mean improvements in HECSI score in upadacitinib-treated patients were clinically meaningful based on previous interpretability studies. These results suggest that upadacitinib may be an effective treatment option for atopic hand eczema in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.</p

A direct numerical simulation method for complex modulus of particle dispersions

We report an extension of the smoothed profile method (SPM)[Y. Nakayama, K. Kim, and R. Yamamoto, Eur. Phys. J. E {\bf 26}, 361(2008)], a direct numerical simulation method for calculating the complex modulus of the dispersion of particles, in which we introduce a temporally oscillatory external force into the system. The validity of the method was examined by evaluating the storage $G'(\omega)$ and loss $G"(\omega)$ moduli of a system composed of identical spherical particles dispersed in an incompressible Newtonian host fluid at volume fractions of $\Phi=0$, 0.41, and 0.51. The moduli were evaluated at several frequencies of shear flow; the shear flow used here has a zigzag profile, as is consistent with the usual periodic boundary conditions

Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib Treatment in Adolescents With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Importance: Atopic dermatitis onset usually occurs in childhood. Persistence of disease into adolescence and adulthood is common. It is important to evaluate new treatment options in adolescents because of the high unmet need in this population. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adolescents. Design, setting, and participants: Prespecified analysis of adolescents enrolled in 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trials in more than 20 countries across Europe, North and South America, Oceania, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region from July 2018 through December 2020. Participants were adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Data analysis was performed from April to August 2021. Interventions: Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to once-daily oral upadacitinib 15 mg, upadacitinib 30 mg, or placebo alone (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2) or with topical corticosteroids (AD Up). Main outcomes and measures: Safety and efficacy, including at least a 75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index from baseline and validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) at week 16 (coprimary end points). Results: A total of 552 adolescents (290 female; 262 male) were randomized. Mean (SD) age was 15.4 (1.8), 15.5 (1.7), and 15.3 (1.8) years for adolescents in Measure Up 1, Measure Up 2, and AD Up, respectively. In Measure Up 1, Measure Up 2, and AD Up, respectively, a greater proportion of adolescents (% [95% CI]) achieved at least 75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index at week 16 with upadacitinib 15 mg (73% [63%-84%], 69% [57%-81%], 63% [51%-76%]), and upadacitinib 30 mg (78% [68%-88%], 73% [62%-85%], 84% [75%-94%]), than with placebo (12% [4%-20%], 13% [5%-22%], 30% [19%-42%]; nominal P < .001 for all comparisons vs placebo). Similarly, a greater proportion of adolescents treated with upadacitinib achieved a validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis score of 0 or 1 at week 16 and improvements in quality of life with upadacitinib than with placebo. Upadacitinib was generally well tolerated in adolescents. Acne was the most common adverse event, and all acne events were mild or moderate. Conclusions and relevance: In this analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials, upadacitinib was an effective treatment for adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, with an acceptable safety profile.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Interleukin-17D and Nrf2 mediate initial innate immune cell recruitment and restrict MCMV infection.

Innate immune cells quickly infiltrate the site of pathogen entry and not only stave off infection but also initiate antigen presentation and promote adaptive immunity. The recruitment of innate leukocytes has been well studied in the context of extracellular bacterial and fungal infection but less during viral infections. We have recently shown that the understudied cytokine Interleukin (IL)-17D can mediate neutrophil, natural killer (NK) cell and monocyte infiltration in sterile inflammation and cancer. Herein, we show that early immune cell accumulation at the peritoneal site of infection by mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is mediated by IL-17D. Mice deficient in IL-17D or the transcription factor Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), an inducer of IL-17D, featured an early decreased number of innate immune cells at the point of viral entry and were more susceptible to MCMV infection. Interestingly, we were able to artificially induce innate leukocyte infiltration by applying the Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), which rendered mice less susceptible to MCMV infection. Our results implicate the Nrf2/IL-17D axis as a sensor of viral infection and suggest therapeutic benefit in boosting this pathway to promote innate antiviral responses