18,265 research outputs found
Black Holes, Entropy Bound and Causality Violation
The gravity/gauge theory duality has provided us a way of studying QCD at
short distances from straightforward calculations in classical general
relativity. Among numerous results obtained so far, one of the most striking is
the universality of the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density.
For all gauge theories with Einstein gravity dual, this ratio is \eta/s=1/4\pi.
However, in general higher-curvature gravity theories, including two concrete
models under discussion - the Gauss-Bonnet gravity and the (Riemann)^2 gravity
- the ratio \eta/s can be smaller than 1/4\pi (thus violating the conjecture
bound), equal to 1/4\pi or even larger than 1/4\pi. As we probe spacetime at
shorter distances, there arises an internal inconsistency in the theory, such
as a violation of microcausality, which is correlated with a classical limit on
black hole entropy.Comment: 8 pages, no figures; Invited contribution to appear in the
Proceedings of the 75 Years since Solvay, Singapore, Nov 2008, (World
Scientific, Singapore, 2009
Graded reflection equation algebras and integrable Kondo impurities in the one-dimensional t-J model
Integrable Kondo impurities in two cases of the one-dimensional model
are studied by means of the boundary -graded quantum inverse
scattering method. The boundary matrices depending on the local magnetic
moments of the impurities are presented as nontrivial realizations of the
reflection equation algebras in an impurity Hilbert space. Furthermore, these
models are solved by using the algebraic Bethe ansatz method and the Bethe
ansatz equations are obtained.Comment: 14 pages, RevTe
Effects of land incremental value allocation on rural operational construction land (ROCL) under market mechanism: case study in China
The use of the market mechanism to convert the rural operational construction land (ROCL) into urban construction land without ownership changes is currently being introduced into reform pilot projects in China, changing the only form of governmental expropriation in the past. The new system allows rural collective economic organizations and members of the rural collective economy to directly participate in the allocation of land incremental value increases due to changes in land use. This replaces the previous way of allocating only the original use compensation from the government. This paper investigates the collectively owned new system, to establish the positive effects and shortcoming of the new model. Three cases are applied for the analysis using inductive-deductive reasoning methodology based on the property right and landrent theories. We have found that local government land adjustment charges on the transactions of rural construction land are suggested to be from 16 to 20 percent. The share ownership quantification model (SOQM) of land incremental value allocation between the collective economic organizations and members is effective and beneficial to the development of the rural collective economy and its members
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Algorithms for propagating uncertainty across heterogeneous domains
We address an important research area in stochastic multiscale modeling, namely, the propagation of uncertainty across heterogeneous domains characterized by partially correlated processes with vastly different correlation lengths. This class of problems arises very often when computing stochastic PDEs and particle models with stochastic/stochastic domain interaction but also with stochastic/deterministic coupling. The domains may be fully embedded, adjacent, or partially overlapping. The fundamental open question we address is the construction of proper transmission boundary conditions that preserve global statistical properties of the solution across different subdomains. Often, the codes that model different parts of the domains are black box and hence a domain decomposition technique is required. No rigorous theory or even effective empirical algorithms have yet been developed for this purpose, although interfaces defined in terms of functionals of random fields (e.g., multipoint cumulants) can overcome the computationally prohibitive problem of preserving sample-path continuity across domains. The key idea of the different methods we propose relies on combining local reduced-order representations of random fields with multilevel domain decomposition. Specifically, we propose two new algorithms: The first one enforces the continuity of the conditional mean and variance of the solution across adjacent subdomains by using Schwarz iterations. The second algorithm is based on PDE-constrained multiobjective optimization, and it allows us to set more general interface conditions. The effectiveness of these new algorithms is demonstrated in numerical examples involving elliptic problems with random diffusion coefficients, stochastically advected scalar fields, and nonlinear advection-reaction problems with random reaction rates
Estimating Risks of Inapparent Avian Exposure for Human Infection: Avian Influenza Virus A (H7N9) in Zhejiang Province, China
published_or_final_versio
Shear viscosity, instability and the upper bound of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant
We compute the dimensionality dependence of for charged black branes
with Gauss-Bonnet correction. We find that both causality and stability
constrain the value of Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant to be bounded by 1/4 in
the infinite dimensionality limit. We further show that higher dimensionality
stabilize the gravitational perturbation. The stabilization of the perturbation
in higher dimensional space-time is a straightforward consequence of the
Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant bound.Comment: 16 pages,3 figures+3 tables,typos corrected, published versio
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