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Structure-Guided Design of IACS-9571, a Selective High-Affinity Dual TRIM24-BRPF1 Bromodomain Inhibitor
The bromodomain containing proteins
TRIM24 (tripartite motif containing
protein 24) and BRPF1 (bromodomain and PHD finger containing protein
1) are involved in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and
have been implicated in human cancer. Overexpression of TRIM24 correlates
with poor patient prognosis, and BRPF1 is a scaffolding protein required
for the assembly of histone acetyltransferase complexes, where the
gene of MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein) was first identified
as a recurrent fusion partner in leukemia patients (8p11 chromosomal
rearrangements). Here, we present the structure guided development
of a series of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylbenzimidazolone
bromodomain inhibitors through the iterative use of X-ray cocrystal
structures. A unique binding mode enabled the design of a potent and
selective inhibitor <b>8i</b> (IACS-9571) with low nanomolar
affinities for TRIM24 and BRPF1 (ITC <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> = 31 nM and ITC <i>K</i><sub>d</sub> = 14 nM, respectively).
With its excellent cellular potency (EC<sub>50</sub> = 50 nM) and
favorable pharmacokinetic properties (<i>F</i> = 29%), <b>8i</b> is a high-quality chemical probe for the evaluation of
TRIM24 and/or BRPF1 bromodomain function in vitro and in vivo
Discovery of Novel PI3-Kinase δ Specific Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Taming CYP3A4 Time-Dependent Inhibition
PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase and a member of a larger
family of enzymes, PI3K class IA(α, β, δ) and IB
(γ), which catalyze the phosphorylation of PIP2 to PIP3. PI3Kδ
is mainly expressed in leukocytes, where it plays a critical, nonredundant
role in B cell receptor mediated signaling and provides an attractive
opportunity to treat diseases where B cell activity is essential,
e.g., rheumatoid arthritis. We report the discovery of novel, potent,
and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors and describe a structural hypothesis
for isoform (α, β, γ) selectivity gained from interactions
in the affinity pocket. The critical component of our initial pharmacophore
for isoform selectivity was strongly associated with CYP3A4 time-dependent
inhibition (TDI). We describe a variety of strategies and methods
for monitoring and attenuating TDI. Ultimately, a structure-based
design approach was employed to identify a suitable structural replacement
for further optimization