Modal Transformation based Fault Location in Radial Distribution Network

This paper introduces the technique of fault distance estimation based on modal transformation and signal processing. The recorded faulted phase currents are applied to the Karrenbauer model transformation and these model component currents are decomposed into detail coefficients by the use of Daubechies wavelet, db6. The fault recorder installed at the terminal of the feeder records different time delays between the modal components. In order to find fault distance, the time delay values and modal components velocity are used in traveling wave theory. This paper compares two different conditions: the first condition does not use a modal transformation and the second condition uses a modal transformation. When using modal transformation conditions, three different coefficient levels (detail coefficient level 1 (D1); the combination of detail coefficient level 1+2 (D1+2) and the combination of detail coefficient level 1+2+3 (D1+2+3) ) are used to estimate the fault distance. Different fault types with different fault locations are created in MATLAB simulation

Modal Transformation based Fault Location in Radial Distribution Network

This paper introduces the technique of fault distance estimation based on modal transformation and signal processing. The recorded faulted phase currents are applied to the Karrenbauer model transformation and these model component currents are decomposed into detail coefficients by the use of Daubechies wavelet, db6. The fault recorder installed at the terminal of the feeder records different time delays between the modal components. In order to find fault distance, the time delay values and modal components velocity are used in traveling wave theory. This paper compares two different conditions: the first condition does not use a modal transformation and the second condition uses a modal transformation. When using modal transformation conditions, three different coefficient levels (detail coefficient level 1 (D1); the combination of detail coefficient level 1+2 (D1+2) and the combination of detail coefficient level 1+2+3 (D1+2+3) ) are used to estimate the fault distance. Different fault types with different fault locations are created in MATLAB simulation

Third Field Survey Collecting Traditionally Grown Crops in Northern Areas of Myanmar, 2011

We made the third joint field survey of Kachin state of Myanmar in March, 2011 after 2006 and 2009. The survey team was organized by Tsukuba University (TU), Japan, the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Japan, and the Myanma Agricultural Service (MAS), Myanmar. The survey was partly funded by a Grand-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan (Research Project No. 21405017, 2009-2011) in cooperation with the Genebank Project of the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences. Myanmar has been suggested to harbor crop genetic diversity of traditionally cultivated plants and their wild relatives. We surveyed the range between Putao and Myitkyina particularly around Sumprabum. Consequently, we collected 95 plant samples including rice (28 samples), maize (6), foxtail millet (5), leguminous crops (9), cucurbits (8), solanaceous plants (8), zingeberaceous plants (8). The collected materials were divided into two subsets for conservation: one in Myanmar and another in Japan. The former subset for Myanmar is preserved at the Seed Bank of Department of Agricultural Research (DAR). The latter subset is for introduction into Japan. The ginger and turmeric samples are temporally maintained at Tsukuba University, while others are conserved at NIAS Genebank. Those materials are to be characterized and evaluated, and to be used for research and development.ミャンマーは栽培稲や野生稲，そして多くの栽培植物の遺伝的多様性を有していると云われているが，組織的な植物遺伝資源のフィールド調査や収集は必ずしも十分とはいえず，未調査地域も多い． 悪天候のため充分な調査に至らなかった2006年，2009年に引き続き，筑波大学，農業生物資源研究所およびミャンマー農業灌漑省との協力のもとカチン州においてイネ，雑穀，マメ類，ショウガ，ウコン等の遺伝資源の調査と収集を行った．本現地調査研究は文部科学省科学研究費助成　基盤研究（B）課題番号 21405017「国境を超越して生存する少数民族に関わる絶滅危惧植物遺伝資源と伝統知識の保全」代表者 渡邉 和男）によるものである．カチン州南部の州都のミッチーナ周辺の調査の後，北部の町プータオに飛び，四駆車でスンビエン，スンプラボン，ダルカを通って南下し，再びミッチーナに至る経路で現地調査を行うことができた．乾季にあっても場所によって道は雨で泥濘と化し，特にスンプラボン東部の盆地は調査できなかったが，スンプラボン西部の山村等を新たに調査した．栽培時期では無かったので立毛を見ることはできなかったが，現地農家から話を聞き，保存している作物の提供を受け，植物遺伝資源95点を収集した．収集品には栽培稲28点，トウモロコシ6点，アワ5点，マメ類9点，ウリ類8点，ショウガ科8点などが含まれる．なお，収集品は，ミャンマー農業灌漑省農業研究局バイオテクノロジー・植物遺伝資源・植物保護課のシードバンクに保存することし，植物遺伝資源国際条約(ITPGR) の標準移転契約(SMTA) を交わして日本に導入した

Evaluation of RT-LAMP and Dry Swab RNA Extraction Free Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background: A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Due to high infectious rate of SARS-CoV-2, detection of positive patients is one of the key points to controlling the outbreak. The gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 remains RT-PCR. In the current pandemic, a more rapid and high throughput method is in growing concern. Objectives: To evaluate the RT-LAMP and dry swab RNA extraction free method in diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as gold standard. Methods: A laboratory based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from September 2022 to October 2022 at molecular laboratory of No (1) Defence Services General Hospital. Ninety-four nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR (gold standard), RT-LAMP and dry swab method. Result: In this study, 68 (72.3%) out of 94 patients were positive for SARS CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RT-LAMP was 76.5%, 100%, 100% and 62%. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of dry swab method was 66%, 100%, 100% and 53%. Hundred percent sensitivity was occurred in RT-LAMP and Dry swab method with Ct<20. In Ct 20-30, sensitivity of RT-LAMP and Dry swab method was 94.8% and 89.7%. Conclusions: RT-PCR method exist as a gold standard for diagnosis of SARS CoV-2, it required molecular laboratory; RT-PCR machine and reagents; they are expensive; trained technician; and it takes several hours to get the results. Although sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP and dry swab methods are inferior to RT-PCR, they can be performed easily in the short period of time (less than 2 hours). Therefore, faster, cheaper and easier alternative molecular diagnostic methods should be considered for diagnosis of SARs CoV-2 infection

Molecular Detection of Class 1 Integron Gene and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Pseudomonas species is a common cause of health care acquired infection and also stand in second place in WHO critical list for antimicrobial resistance. Acquisition of antibiotic resistance gene in pathogenic bacteria has been a growing problem worldwide. The presence of resistance gene in class 1 integrons is associated with multi- drug resistance among Pseudomonas species. This study aimed to detect the class 1 integron and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas species isolated from clinical specimens at No. (1) Defence Services General Hospital (1000-bedded) during the period of January to September 2020. The hospital and laboratory based descriptive study was conducted among the clinical samples received at Microbiology laboratory. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by Vitek 2 automated systems. All Pseudomonas species were tested for the presence of class 1 integron by PCR. In this study, 77 Pseudomonas species isolated from various clinical specimens. According to the finding, the most common resistance was observed towards cefotaxime (97.4%), while resistance to amikacin was less observed among isolates (22%). Out of 77 Pseudomonas species isolates, 54 (70%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) according to CLSI 2020 guidelines. Among the multidrug resistance, 38 (95%) isolates were class 1 integron positive (p<0.001) and 16 (43.24%) were class 1 integron negative (p<0.001). Therefore, this finding indicates the strong association between the presence of class 1 integron and multidrug resistance. Therefore, integrons play an important role in acquisition and dissemination of antibiotics resistance genes among Pseudomonas species

Detection of Class 1 Integron Among Klebsiella Species Isolated from Clinical Samples at No (1) Defence Services General Hospital (1000 Bedded)

Klebsiella species is commonly associated with serious nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant Klebsiella species isolates are becoming increasingly prevalent in the clinical and nosocomial environments. The high prevalence of Klebsiella infections is related to the ability of Klebsiella species to acquire and disseminate exogenous genes associated with mobile elements, such as plasmids, transposons and integrons. This study was conducted to find out the presence of class 1 integron and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Klebsiella species from clinical specimens at No (1) Defence Services General Hospital (1000-Bedded). A laboratory based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from January to september, 2020. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Klebsiella species was performed by VITEK 2 Compact Analyzer. Class 1 integrons were detected by conventional PCR. In this study, 110 Klebsiella species were isolated from various clinical specimens and most of the isolates were from medical ward (52.3%, 63 isolates). The highest rate of resistance was observed for ampicillin (100%) and Cefotaxime (97.3 %) whereas the lowest antibiotic resistance was to Amikacin (15.5%). Out of 110 Klebsiella isolates, 107 (97.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Forty-four (40%) out of 110 Klebsiella isolates carried int1 gene and all these isolates were MDR. However, there was no association between multidrug resistance and integron positivity (p value = 0.273). The presence of class I integron genes among Klebsiella species highlights the continued monitoring is necessary for prevention of wide dissemination of integrons and infections by MDR pathogens