A Demographic Profile of Independently Incorporated Native American Foundations and Selected Funds in the United States

This report gives basic demographic information on 60 grantmaking entities grouped into three categories: 1) Native foundations that are independently incorporated; 2) 501c3 Native organizations; and 3) tribal funds. These categories capture the variety of Native controlled approaches currently at work in the field

Integrated saccade latency as a measure of fatigue

INTRODUCTION: High workload, long working hours and inadequate sleep patterns can have deleterious effects on an individual’s performance. Fatigue is often linked with compromised cognitive and motor function. Our information processing system becomes overloaded and unable to monitor and suppress irrelevant information. Subsequent changes in oculomotor parameters and cortical processing times may therefore provide useful biomarkers to assess one’s state of fatigue. We propose a new non-invasive method to quantify fatigue by measuring Eye Movement And Intrinsic Latencies (EMAIL) without the use of any eye-tracking equipment. METHODS: The test is easy to perform and employs a Landolt C flanked by ring distractors. The test is presented at an eccentricity of 8°, randomly on either side of fixation point within ±5° elevation. The measurement variable is the time of presentation, δT. The subject’s task is to saccade to the peripheral target, register the orientation of the gap and respond by pressing one of four buttons. The EMAIL test measures the presentation time, δT, the subject needs to detect the peripheral target, generate an appropriate eye-movement and register the orientation of the gap. RESULTS: The EMAIL test was used to measure the stimulus presentation times needed to achieve 73% correct responses (using a one up, two down staircase). These times were subject specific and ranged from 165 to 200ms in the absence of fatigue. We investigated how, δT, is affected by exposure to other visually demanding tasks and levels of controlled fatigue. Measured integrated oculomotor responses such as latencies and visual processing times were found to increase significantly following demanding visual tasks by as much as 20ms, but only when fatigued. Preliminary findings using the EMAIL test also show that this technique can be used to investigate the effect of stimulants such as caffeine and depressants, such as alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: The EMAIL test provides a simple method to measure oculomotor parameters and to investigate how these are affected by fatigue. This method can be incorporated in the overall safety management system that is often needed in a number of work areas that involve visually-demanding and safety-critical tasks. The measured parameters provide information about an individual’s level of alertness and may also be of relevance in other industries in order to evaluate drugs developed to control fatigue

Additional file 9: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Table S5. Resistances to diseases and pests, tolerance to stresses and physiological traits. RDT2 represents root distribution in thickness classification 2 (0.5–1.0 mm), and RDL3 represents root distribution in length. (XLSX 11 kb

Additional file 11: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Table S7. The oligo nucleotides of the cloning primers for candidate genes. (XLSX 10 kb

Additional file 1: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Table S1. Variance analysis for plant height in 2 environments. (XLSX 10 kb

Additional file 5: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Figure S3. Multiple sequence alignment depicting the amino acid sequence conservation of P1 (CSSL3228) Glyma.13 g249300 gene with P2 (NN1138–2) gene (Glyma.13 g249300) in soybean. (PDF 303 kb

Additional file 7: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Table S3. QTL conferring morphological and yield-related traits detected by linkage. (XLSX 12 kb

Additional file 2: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Figure S1. Distribution of the LOD scores for days to flowering in the target region detected by QTL-seq. (PDF 37 kb

Additional file 10: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Table S6. The oligo nucleotides of the RT-qPCR primers for candidate genes. (XLSX 10 kb

Additional file 8: of Combining QTL-seq and linkage mapping to fine map a wild soybean allele characteristic of greater plant height

Table S4. QTL conferring seed quality traits detected by linkage mapping. LA concentration represents linolenic acid concentration, and ALA represents Alpha-linolenic acid. (XLSX 12 kb