Symmetry-preserving Loop Regularization and Renormalization of QFTs

A new symmetry-preserving loop regularization method proposed in \cite{ylw} is further investigated. It is found that its prescription can be understood by introducing a regulating distribution function to the proper-time formalism of irreducible loop integrals. The method simulates in many interesting features to the momentum cutoff, Pauli-Villars and dimensional regularization. The loop regularization method is also simple and general for the practical calculations to higher loop graphs and can be applied to both underlying and effective quantum field theories including gauge, chiral, supersymmetric and gravitational ones as the new method does not modify either the lagrangian formalism or the space-time dimension of original theory. The appearance of characteristic energy scale $M_c$ and sliding energy scale $\mu_s$ offers a systematic way for studying the renormalization-group evolution of gauge theories in the spirit of Wilson-Kadanoff and for exploring important effects of higher dimensional interaction terms in the infrared regime.Comment: 13 pages, Revtex, extended modified version, more references adde

Gradient design of metal hollow sphere (MHS) foams with density gradients

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in Composites Part B: Engineering. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2011 Elsevier B.V.Metal hollow sphere (MHS) structures with a density gradient have attracted increasing attention in the effort to pursue improved energy absorption properties. In this paper, dynamic crushing of MHS structures of different gradients are discussed, with the gradients being received by stacks of hollow spheres of the same external diameter but different wall thicknesses in the crushing direction. Based on the dynamic performance of MHS structures with uniform density, a crude semi-empirical model is developed for the design of MHS structures in terms of gradient selections for energy absorption and protection against impact. Following this, dynamic responses of density graded MHS foams are comparatively analyzed using explicit finite element simulation and the proposed formula. Results show that the simple semi-empirical model can predict the response of density gradient MHS foams and is ready-to-use in the gradient design of MHS structures.The National Science Foundation of China and the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology (Beijing Institute of Technology

Lifetime Difference and Endpoint effect in the Inclusive Bottom Hadron Decays

The lifetime differences of bottom hadrons are known to be properly explained within the framework of heavy quark effective field theory(HQEFT) of QCD via the inverse expansion of the dressed heavy quark mass. In general, the spectrum around the endpoint region is not well behaved due to the invalidity of $1/m_Q$ expansion near the endpoint. The curve fitting method is adopted to treat the endpoint behavior. It turns out that the endpoint effects are truly small and the explanation on the lifetime differences in the HQEFT of QCD is then well justified. The inclusion of the endpoint effects makes the prediction on the lifetime differences and the extraction on the CKM matrix element $|V_{cb}|$ more reliable.Comment: 11 pages, Revtex, 10 figures, 6 tables, published versio

Division and the Giambelli Identity

Given two polynomials f(x) and g(x), we extend the formula expressing the remainder in terms of the roots of these two polynomials to the case where f(x) is a Laurent polynomial. This allows us to give new expressions of a Schur function, which generalize the Giambelli identity.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur

A More Precise Extraction of |V_{cb}| in HQEFT of QCD

The more precise extraction for the CKM matrix element |V_{cb}| in the heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) of QCD is studied from both exclusive and inclusive semileptonic B decays. The values of relevant nonperturbative parameters up to order 1/m^2_Q are estimated consistently in HQEFT of QCD. Using the most recent experimental data for B decay rates, |V_{cb}| is updated to be |V_{cb}| = 0.0395 \pm 0.0011_{exp} \pm 0.0019_{th} from B\to D^{\ast} l \nu decay and |V_{cb}| = 0.0434 \pm 0.0041_{exp} \pm 0.0020_{th} from B\to D l \nu decay as well as |V_{cb}| = 0.0394 \pm 0.0010_{exp} \pm 0.0014_{th} from inclusive B\to X_c l \nu decay.Comment: 7 pages, revtex, 4 figure

Wood-Inspired Morphologically Tunable Aligned Hydrogel for High-Performance Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors

Oriented microstructures are widely found in various biological systems for multiple functions. Such anisotropic structures provide low tortuosity and sufficient surface area, desirable for the design of high-performance energy storage devices. Despite significant efforts to develop supercapacitors with aligned morphology, challenges remain due to the predefined pore sizes, limited mechanical flexibility, and low mass loading. Herein, a wood-inspired flexible all-solid-state hydrogel supercapacitor is demonstrated by morphologically tuning the aligned hydrogel matrix toward high electrode-materials loading and high areal capacitance. The highly aligned matrix exhibits broad morphological tunability (47–12 µm), mechanical flexibility (0°–180° bending), and uniform polypyrrole loading up to 7 mm thick matrix. After being assembled into a solid-state supercapacitor, the areal capacitance reaches 831 mF cm−2 for the 12 µm matrix, which is 259% times of the 47 µm matrix and 403% times of nonaligned matrix. The supercapacitor also exhibits a high energy density of 73.8 µWh cm−2, power density of 4960 µW cm−2, capacitance retention of 86.5% after 1000 cycles, and bending stability of 95% after 5000 cycles. The principle to structurally design the oriented matrices for high electrode material loading opens up the possibility for advanced energy storage applications