Study on the Transit Network Evaluation Method Based on the Transit Ridership Model

AbstractTraditional four-step travel forecasting models are usually used to predict changes in car travel patterns and to evaluate the road transportation system. The application is unsatisfactory when they are used to evaluate the transit transportation system. Based on the transit origin-destination (OD) adjustment, this paper proposes a framework on future transit network evaluations, where the transit ridership model and OD difference method are simultaneously used. The proposed method formulates the relationship between transit ridership and zonal population, employment, transit service level, and so on. In addition, the difference between transit counts and estimates for base year are considered in the development of the transit OD for future year. It is expected to perform better than conventional models in terms of transit network evolutions. The validation of the proposed method is tested in Fuzhou City Transit Development Project

Strong nonlinear optical response and transient symmetry switching in Type-II Weyl semimetal β\beta-WP2

The topological Weyl semimetals with peculiar band structure exhibit novel nonlinear optical enhancement phenomena even for light at optical wavelengths. While many intriguing nonlinear optical effects were constantly uncovered in type-I semimetals, few experimental works focused on basic nonlinear optical properties in type-II Weyl semimetals. Here we perform a fundamental static and time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) on the three dimensional Type-II Weyl semimetal candidate $\beta$-WP$_2$. Although $\beta$-WP$_2$ exhibits extremely high conductivity and an extraordinarily large mean free path, the second harmonic generation is unscreened by conduction electrons, we observed rather strong SHG response compared to non-topological polar metals and archetypal ferroelectric insulators. Additionally, our time-resolved SHG experiment traces ultrafast symmetry switching and reveals that polar metal $\beta$-WP$_2$ tends to form inversion symmetric metastable state after photo-excitation. Intense femtosecond laser pulse could optically drive symmetry switching and tune nonlinear optical response on ultrafast timescales although the interlayer coupling of $\beta$-WP$_2$ is very strong. Our work is illuminating for the polar metal nonlinear optics and potential ultrafast topological optoelectronic applications.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Deep-Learning–Based Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancers From Histopathology Images and Multiomics Data

Purpose: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their spatial characterizations on whole-slide images (WSIs) of histopathology sections have become crucial in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction for different cancers. However, fully automatic assessment of TILs on WSIs currently remains a great challenge because of the heterogeneity and large size of WSIs. We present an automatic pipeline based on a cascade-training U-net to generate high-resolution TIL maps on WSIs. Methods: We present global cell-level TIL maps and 43 quantitative TIL spatial image features for 1,000 WSIs of The Cancer Genome Atlas patients with breast cancer. For more specific analysis, all the patients were divided into three subtypes, namely, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-negative, and triple-negative groups. The associations between TIL scores and gene expression and somatic mutation were examined separately in three breast cancer subtypes. Both univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed on 43 TIL image features to examine the prognostic value of TIL spatial patterns in different breast cancer subtypes. Results: The TIL score was in strong association with immune response pathway and genes (eg, programmed death-1 and CLTA4). Different breast cancer subtypes showed TIL score in association with mutations from different genes suggesting that different genetic alterations may lead to similar phenotypes. Spatial TIL features that represent density and distribution of TIL clusters were important indicators of the patient outcomes. Conclusion: Our pipeline can facilitate computational pathology-based discovery in cancer immunology and research on immunotherapy. Our analysis results are available for the research community to generate new hypotheses and insights on breast cancer immunology and development

Single-molecule level control of host-guest interactions in metallocycle-C60 complexes

Host−guest interactions are of central importance in many biological and chemical processes. However, the investigation of the formation and decomplexation of host−guest systems at the single-molecule level has been a challenging task. Here we show that the single-molecule conductance of organoplatinum(II) metallocycle hosts can be enhanced by an order of magnitude by the incorporation of a C60 guest molecule. Mechanically stretching the metallocycle-C60 junction with a scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique causes the release of the C60 guest from the metallocycle, and consequently the conductance switches back to the free-host level. Metallocycle hosts with different shapes and cavity sizes show different degrees of flexibility to accommodate the C60 guest in response to mechanical stretching. DFT calculations provide further insights into the electronic structures and charge transport properties of the molecular junctions based on metallocycles and the metallocycle-C60 complexes

The Dissemination of Laozi’s Text and Thought in the Arab World

Based on Chinese and Arabic literature, this paper summarizes the spread of Laozi’s text and thought in the Arab world. The specific course of dissemination can be divided into two stages: from 1966 to 2000, the Dao De Jing was disseminated on the basis of indirect translations; from 2000 to today, the spread of the Dao De Jing in the Arab world reached a climax when the first direct translation was published. Laozi’s text and thought have gained acceptance and popularity largely because of their soothing function and similarity to the Sufi spirit found in Arab culture. The spread of Laozi’s text and thought in the Arab world presents three features: a long and friendly history of cultural exchange has served as a foundation; languages such as English and French have functioned as intermediaries; and similarities between Sufism and Daoism have provided points of connection

Research on the Green Effect of Environmental Policies—From the Perspective of Policy Mix

Environmental protection policy serves as an effective means for the government to curb environmental pollution and promote high-quality economic development. The government must weigh the effects of different policy mixes. From the perspective of policy combination, this paper discusses the green effect of environmental protection policy theoretically and empirically. First and foremost, this paper sorts out the reforming time of environmental protection taxes and the situation of the low-carbon pilot city, and puts forward two hypotheses. Furthermore, by referring to the environmental protection tax, the policy for the low-carbon pilot city, and the urban air quality indicator from 2014 to 2020, this paper explores the green effect of the environmental protection policy and further validates the consolidation effect of the policy mix on the green effect. The study reveals a significant decrease in the air pollution level in regions with higher standards for levying an environmental protection tax. The conclusion remains robust via parallel trend testing and substitution of the subject variables. Furthermore, an analysis of the policy mix of an environmental protection tax indicates that the policy mix of an environmental protection tax and low-carbon city produces a significant green effect, which not only curbs air pollution but also reduces greenhouse gas emissions. An in-depth analysis shows that an environmental protection tax has the best green effect in the first and second areas of a low-carbon pilot market. The synergies of low-carbon pilot effects are higher in areas with low and middle tax rates

The Dissemination of Laozi’s Text and Thought in the Arab World

Based on Chinese and Arabic literature, this paper summarizes the spread of Laozi’s text and thought in the Arab world. The specific course of dissemination can be divided into two stages: from 1966 to 2000, the Dao De Jing was disseminated on the basis of indirect translations; from 2000 to today, the spread of the Dao De Jing in the Arab world reached a climax when the first direct translation was published. Laozi’s text and thought have gained acceptance and popularity largely because of their soothing function and similarity to the Sufi spirit found in Arab culture. The spread of Laozi’s text and thought in the Arab world presents three features: a long and friendly history of cultural exchange has served as a foundation; languages such as English and French have functioned as intermediaries; and similarities between Sufism and Daoism have provided points of connection