350 research outputs found
Single Image Deraining via Rain-Steaks Aware Deep Convolutional Neural Network
It is challenging to remove rain-steaks from a single rainy image because the
rain steaks are spatially varying in the rainy image. This problem is studied
in this paper by combining conventional image processing techniques and deep
learning based techniques. An improved weighted guided image filter (iWGIF) is
proposed to extract high frequency information from a rainy image. The high
frequency information mainly includes rain steaks and noise, and it can guide
the rain steaks aware deep convolutional neural network (RSADCNN) to pay more
attention to rain steaks. The efficiency and explain-ability of RSADNN are
improved. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm significantly
outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real-world images in
terms of both qualitative and quantitative measures. It is useful for
autonomous navigation in raining conditions
Enhancing Treatment Effect Estimation: A Model Robust Approach Integrating Randomized Experiments and External Controls using the Double Penalty Integration Estimator
Randomized experiments (REs) are the cornerstone for treatment effect
evaluation. However, due to practical considerations, REs may encounter
difficulty recruiting sufficient patients. External controls (ECs) can
supplement REs to boost estimation efficiency. Yet, there may be
incomparability between ECs and concurrent controls (CCs), resulting in
misleading treatment effect evaluation. We introduce a novel bias function to
measure the difference in the outcome mean functions between ECs and CCs. We
show that the ANCOVA model augmented by the bias function for ECs renders a
consistent estimator of the average treatment effect, regardless of whether or
not the ANCOVA model is correct. To accommodate possibly different structures
of the ANCOVA model and the bias function, we propose a double penalty
integration estimator (DPIE) with different penalization terms for the two
functions. With an appropriate choice of penalty parameters, our DPIE ensures
consistency, oracle property, and asymptotic normality even in the presence of
model misspecification. DPIE is more efficient than the estimator derived from
REs alone, validated through theoretical and experimental results
MatSpectNet: Material Segmentation Network with Domain-Aware and Physically-Constrained Hyperspectral Reconstruction
Achieving accurate material segmentation for 3-channel RGB images is
challenging due to the considerable variation in a material's appearance.
Hyperspectral images, which are sets of spectral measurements sampled at
multiple wavelengths, theoretically offer distinct information for material
identification, as variations in intensity of electromagnetic radiation
reflected by a surface depend on the material composition of a scene. However,
existing hyperspectral datasets are impoverished regarding the number of images
and material categories for the dense material segmentation task, and
collecting and annotating hyperspectral images with a spectral camera is
prohibitively expensive. To address this, we propose a new model, the
MatSpectNet to segment materials with recovered hyperspectral images from RGB
images. The network leverages the principles of colour perception in modern
cameras to constrain the reconstructed hyperspectral images and employs the
domain adaptation method to generalise the hyperspectral reconstruction
capability from a spectral recovery dataset to material segmentation datasets.
The reconstructed hyperspectral images are further filtered using learned
response curves and enhanced with human perception. The performance of
MatSpectNet is evaluated on the LMD dataset as well as the OpenSurfaces
dataset. Our experiments demonstrate that MatSpectNet attains a 1.60% increase
in average pixel accuracy and a 3.42% improvement in mean class accuracy
compared with the most recent publication. The project code is attached to the
supplementary material and will be published on GitHub.Comment: 7 pages main pape
Sparse Group Variable Selection for Gene-Environment Interactions in the Longitudinal Stud
Recently, regularized variable selection has emerged as a powerful tool to iden- tify and dissect gene-environment interactions. Nevertheless, in longitudinal studies with high di- mensional genetic factors, regularization methods for G×E interactions have not been systemati- cally developed. In this package, we provide the implementation of sparse group variable selec- tion, based on both the quadratic inference function (QIF) and generalized estimating equa- tion (GEE), to accommodate the bi-level selection for longitudinal G×E studies with high dimen- sional genomic features. Alternative methods conducting only the group or individual level se- lection have also been included. The core modules of the package have been developed in C++
A Self-attention Knowledge Domain Adaptation Network for Commercial Lithium-ion Batteries State-of-health Estimation under Shallow Cycles
Accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is critical to guarantee the
safety, efficiency and reliability of battery-powered applications. Most SOH
estimation methods focus on the 0-100\% full state-of-charge (SOC) range that
has similar distributions. However, the batteries in real-world applications
usually work in the partial SOC range under shallow-cycle conditions and follow
different degradation profiles with no labeled data available, thus making SOH
estimation challenging. To estimate shallow-cycle battery SOH, a novel
unsupervised deep transfer learning method is proposed to bridge different
domains using self-attention distillation module and multi-kernel maximum mean
discrepancy technique. The proposed method automatically extracts
domain-variant features from charge curves to transfer knowledge from the
large-scale labeled full cycles to the unlabeled shallow cycles. The CALCE and
SNL battery datasets are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed
method to estimate the battery SOH for different SOC ranges, temperatures, and
discharge rates. The proposed method achieves a root-mean-square error within
2\% and outperforms other transfer learning methods for different SOC ranges.
When applied to batteries with different operating conditions and from
different manufacturers, the proposed method still exhibits superior SOH
estimation performance. The proposed method is the first attempt at accurately
estimating battery SOH under shallow-cycle conditions without needing a
full-cycle characteristic test
Acoustofluidic Engineering Functional Vessel-on-a-Chip
Construction of in vitro vascular models is of great significance to various
biomedical research, such as pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics, thus is an
important direction in tissue engineering. In this work, a standing surface
acoustic wave field was constructed to spatially arrange suspended endothelial
cells into a designated patterning. The cell patterning was maintained after
the acoustic field was withdrawn by the solidified hydrogel. Then, interstitial
flow was provided to activate vessel tube formation. Thus, a functional
vessel-on-a-chip was engineered with specific vessel geometry. Vascular
function, including perfusability and vascular barrier function, was
characterized by beads loading and dextran diffusion, respectively. A
computational atomistic simulation model was proposed to illustrate how solutes
cross vascular lipid bilayer. The reported acoustofluidic methodology is
capable of facile and reproducible fabrication of functional vessel network
with specific geometry. It is promising to facilitate the development of both
fundamental research and regenerative therapy
Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated by pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study of 154 patients
Objectives: To determine the main clinical and demographic outcomes related to Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) and adverse obstetric and fetal/neonatal outcomes.
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the medical record data of 154 patients with PH who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2011 and December 2020.
Results: According to the severity of elevated Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP), 82 women (53.2%) were included in the mild PH group, 34 (22.1%) were included in the moderate PH group, and 38 (24.7%) were included in the severe PH group. There were significant differences in the incidence of heart failure, premature delivery, Very-Low-Birth-Weight (VLBW) infants, and Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) infants among the three PH groups (p < 0.05). Five (3.2%) women died within 7-days after delivery, 7 (4.5%) fetuses died in utero, and 3 (1.9%) neonates died. The authors found that PASP was an independent risk factor for maternal mortality. After adjustment for age, gestational weeks, systolic blood pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), mode of delivery, and anesthesia, the risk of maternal mortality in the severe PH group was 20.21 times higher than that in the mild-moderate PH group (OR = 21.21 [95% CI 1.7∼264.17]), p < 0.05. All 131 (85.1%) patients were followed up for 12 months postpartum.
Conclusions: The authors found that the risk of maternal mortality in the severe PH group was significantly higher than that in the mild-moderate group, highlighting the importance of pulmonary artery pressure screening before pregnancy, early advice on contraception, and multidisciplinary care
Disentangling and Operationalizing AI Fairness at LinkedIn
Operationalizing AI fairness at LinkedIn's scale is challenging not only
because there are multiple mutually incompatible definitions of fairness but
also because determining what is fair depends on the specifics and context of
the product where AI is deployed. Moreover, AI practitioners need clarity on
what fairness expectations need to be addressed at the AI level. In this paper,
we present the evolving AI fairness framework used at LinkedIn to address these
three challenges. The framework disentangles AI fairness by separating out
equal treatment and equitable product expectations. Rather than imposing a
trade-off between these two commonly opposing interpretations of fairness, the
framework provides clear guidelines for operationalizing equal AI treatment
complemented with a product equity strategy. This paper focuses on the equal AI
treatment component of LinkedIn's AI fairness framework, shares the principles
that support it, and illustrates their application through a case study. We
hope this paper will encourage other big tech companies to join us in sharing
their approach to operationalizing AI fairness at scale, so that together we
can keep advancing this constantly evolving field
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