Utility-maximization Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communication Underlaying Cellular Networks

Device-to-device(D2D) underlaying communication brings great benefits to the cellular networks from the improvement of coverage and spectral efficiency at the expense of complicated transceiver design. With frequency spectrum sharing mode, the D2D user generates interference to the existing cellular networks either in downlink or uplink. Thus the resource allocation for D2D pairs should be designed properly in order to reduce possible interference, in particular for uplink. In this paper, we introduce a novel bandwidth allocation scheme to maximize the utilities of both D2D users and cellular users. Since the allocation problem is strongly NP-hard, we apply a relaxation to the association indicators. We propose a low-complexity distributed algorithm and prove the convergence in a static environment. The numerical result shows that the proposed scheme can significant improve the performance in terms of utilities.The performance of D2D communications depends on D2D user locations, the number of D2D users and QoS(Quality of Service) parameters

Longitudinal Optogenetic Motor Mapping Revealed Structural and Functional Impairments and Enhanced Corticorubral Projection after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Current evaluation of impairment and repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) is largely dependent on behavioral assessment and histological analysis of injured tissue and pathways. Here, we evaluated whether transcranial optogenetic mapping of motor cortex could reflect longitudinal structural and functional damage and recovery after SCI. In Thy1-Channelrhodopsin2 transgenic mice, repeated motor mappings were made by recording optogenetically evoked electromyograms (EMGs) of a hindlimb at baseline and 1 day and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after mild, moderate, and severe spinal cord contusion. Injuries caused initial decreases in EMG amplitude, losses of motor map, and subsequent partial recoveries, all of which corresponded to injury severity. Reductions in map size were positively correlated with motor performance, as measured by Basso Mouse Scale, rota-rod, and grid walk tests, at different time points, as well as with lesion area at spinal cord epicenter at 6 weeks post-SCI. Retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold showed decreased numbers of cortico- and rubrospinal neurons, with the latter being negatively correlated with motor map size. Combined retro- and anterograde tracing and immunostaining revealed more neurons activated in red nucleus by cortical stimulation and enhanced corticorubral axons and synapses in red nucleus after SCI. Electrophysiological recordings showed lower threshold and higher amplitude of corticorubral synaptic response after SCI. We conclude that transcranial optogenetic motor mapping is sensitive and efficient for longitudinal evaluation of impairment and plasticity of SCI, and that spinal cord contusion induces stronger anatomical and functional corticorubral connection that may contribute to spontaneous recovery of motor function

Poly[diaqua-1κ2 O-bis[μ3-2-(1H-tetra­zol-5-yl)benzoato(2−)]dicadmium(II)]

The title compound, [Cd2(C8H4N4O2)2(H2O)2]n, is a coordination polymer prepared by the hydro­thermal reaction of cadmium(II) chloride and 2-(1H-tetra­zol-5-yl)benzoic acid. Two types of coordinated cadmium cations exist in the structure. One is located on a twofold axis and is coordinated by four O and two N atoms from four symmetry-related ligands, forming a trigonal-prismatic coordination polyhedron. The other is located on an inversion center and is octa­hedrally coordinated by two N and two O atoms from two ligands in equatorial sites, and two water mol­ecules in axial sites. The organic ligand bridges three Cd atoms, through a carboxyl­ate group and two N atoms of the tetra­zolate unit. This mode of coordination results in a two-dimensional framework. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

5,7-Dihydr­oxy-3,6,8-trimethoxy­flavone

The title compound (systematic name: 5,7-dihydr­oxy-3,6,8-trimeth­oxy-4H-chromen-4-one), C18H16O7, is a flavone that was isolated from Ainsliaea henryi. There are two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, one of which has a disordered meth­oxy group [occupancy ratio 0.681 (9):0.319 (9)]. Both mol­ecules have an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded chains parallel to [110]

Anti-tumor effects of ephedrine and anisodamine on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line

Background: To investigate the effects of ephedrine and anisodamine on the proliferation of human breast cancer.Materials and Methods: SKBR3 cell was treated with or without ephedrine and / or anisodamine,  respectively. The trypan blue exclusion assay was used to determine cell numbers. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The concentration of cAMP and cyclin D1 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to measure PKA.Results: Ephedrine and anisodamine inhibited cell proliferation and arrested SKBR3 cells at G0/G1 phases. Ephedrine and anisodamine increased the level of CD1 in SKBR3 cells. Furthermore, significant change in intracellular cAMP concentration was found in SKBR3 cells treated with ephedrine and anisodamine. The phosphorylation of PKA substrate was not activated after 48 hours of treatment with ephedrine and  anisodamine.Conclusion: Ephedrine and anisodamine inhibit the proliferation of SKBR3 cells via a significantly change of intracellular cAMP concentration.Key words: anisodamine, breast cancer, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ephedrine, proliferation Abbreviations: cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; ELISA,  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CD1, cyclin D1; SNS, sympathetic nervous system

A dimeric sesquiterpene, gochnatiolide A

The title compound [systematic name: 5′a-hydroxy-1′,3,6,8′-tetrakis(methylene)-3a,4,5,5′,5′a,6,6′,6a,7,7′,7′a,8′,9a,9b,10′a,10′b-hexadecahydrospiro[azuleno[4,5-b]furan-9(2H),3′-[3H]benz[1,8]azuleno[4,5-b]furan]-2,2′,8,9′(1′H,3H,4′H)-tetrone acetone 0.92-solvate], C30H30O7·0.92C3H6O, is a dimeric sequiterpene formed by a cyclohexane system connecting two monomeric sesquiterpene lactone units of dehydro­zaluzanin C. It was isolated from Ainsliaea henryi