Non-disturbance criteria of quantum measurements

Using the general sequential product proposed by Shen and Wu in [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42, 345203, 2009], we derive three criteria for describing non-disturbance between quantum measurements that may be unsharp with such new sequential products, which generalizes Gudder's results

The Drazin inverse of the linear combinations of two idempotents in the Banach algebra

AbstractIn this paper, some Drazin inverse representations of the linear combinations of two idempotents in a Banach algebra are obtained. Moreover, we present counter-examples to and establish the corrected versions of two theorems by Cvetković-Ilić and Deng

Cultural Influnces on Risk Tolerance and Portfolio Creation

We extend existing research that examines the impact of culture on risk tolerance. Using surveys completed by Chinese and American students, we find, consistent with previous studies, that Chinese students perceive themselves as more risk tolerant. However, we find that Chinese students are less consistent in matching their perceived tolerance levels with actual scores from a standard risk tolerance assessment. Further, we also examine mock portfolios created by the respondents and find no evidence that Chinese students create portfolios that are riskier than their American counterparts. Our findings suggest that differences in risk tolerance are at least partially a product of culture, but such differences may not always translate into actual investment decisions

Tenofovir alafenamide versus entecavir for treating hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: real-world study

Background and aimsReal-world data regarding hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) as an antiviral drug are limited. Hence, we evaluated the efficacy and kidney safety of TAF among this population.MethodsA total of 272 HBV-related ACLF patients hospitalized at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were enrolled in this retrospective research. All patients received antiviral therapy with TAF (n = 100) or ETV (n = 172) and comprehensive medical treatments.ResultsThrough 1:1 propensity score matching, 100 patients were finally included in each group. At week 48, the survival rates without transplantation of the TAF group and ETV group were 76.00 and 58.00%, separately (P = 0.007). After 4 weeks of treatment, the TAF treatment group exhibited a significantly decline in HBV DNA viral load (P = 0.029). The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was apparently improved in the TAF group compared with the ETV group (TAF 5.98 ± 14.46 vs. ETV 1.18 ± 18.07 ml/min/1.73 m2) (P < 0.05). There were 6 patients in TAF group and 21 patients in ETV group with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage progression ≥ 1. By contrast, the ETV treatment group has a greater risk of renal function progression in CKD 1 stage patients (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis real-world clinical study showed that TAF is more effective than ETV in reducing viral load and improving survival rate in HBV-ACLF patients and the risk of renal function decline is lower.Clinical trial registrationhttps://ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05453448

Integrated glycomic analysis of ovarian cancer side population cells

Additional file 2. The category of representative lectins for glycan profiling

DaiTongXiao improves gout nephropathy by inhibiting inflammatory response through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

Introduction: Gouty nephropathy (GN) arises from factors like excessive purine intake, metabolic disorders or abnormal synthesis, and uric acid hypersaturation in the blood, leading to urate crystal deposition in kidney tissue. DaiTongXiao (DTX) is a remedy used by the Dai people of China. It shows efficacy in lowering uric acid levels and exhibits anti-inflammatory and kidney-protective properties.Methods: A GN rat model was induced using adenine and potassium oxonate. Following DTX administration, various parameters were assessed in urine, serum, and kidney tissue. Western blot analysis evaluated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling proteins, while immunofluorescence examined NF-κB nuclear expression.Results: DTX treatment improved kidney morphology, increased body weight, and kidney index and enhanced urinary levels of blood urea nitrogen (Bun), 24-h urinary protein, uric acid (UA), and allantoin in GN rats, reducing UA, Bun, creatinine (Cre), cystatin C (CysC), serum amyloid A (SAA), α1-microglobulin (MG), and β2-MG in serum analysis. Renal tissue assessments showed decreased xanthine oxidase (XOD), hydroxyproline (Hyp), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collage type Ⅳ (COL-Ⅳ). Kidney damage severity was notably reduced. DTX lowered serum inflammatory factors like interleukin (IL) −18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and IL-1β in the rat serum, reducing chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and adhesion factor vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1). Western blotting demonstrated the downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins, and immunofluorescence revealed reduced NF-κB expression in renal tissue.Discussion: DTX exhibits significant anti-GN effects by modulating TLR4/MyD88/ NF-κB pathway protein expression, reducing inflammatory factor release, and inhibiting GN progression

Trihydrophobin 1 Phosphorylation by c-Src Regulates MAPK/ERK Signaling and Cell Migration

c-Src activates Ras-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and regulates cell migration, while trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) inhibits MAPK/ERK activation and cell migration through interaction with A-Raf and PAK1 and inhibiting their kinase activities. Here we show that c-Src interacts with TH1 by GST-pull down assay, coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy assay. The interaction leads to phosphorylation of TH1 at Tyr-6 in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of TH1 decreases its association with A-Raf and PAK1. Further study reveals that Tyr-6 phosphorylation of TH1 reduces its inhibition on MAPK/ERK signaling, enhances c-Src mediated cell migration. Moreover, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of TH1 has been found by EGF and estrogen treatments. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the comprehensive regulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling and cell migration involving tyrosine phosphorylation of TH1 by c-Src