289 research outputs found
Analysis of the Chinese Translation of Metaphorical Expressions from the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism â A Case Study of the Chinese Translation of Faith in a Seed by Guangjun He and Yiren Chen
Faith in a Seed is known as âthe pinnacle of Thoreauâs workâ and its writing technique is influenced by literary tradition and rich rhetorical devices are employed. Based on Translator Behavior Criticism, using specific examples to describe and compare one typical rhetorical device such as metaphorical expressions in the Chinese translations of Faith in a Seed by Guangjun He and Yiren Chen, this paper explores the translatorsâ choices in the process of translation when facing different language environments. It is found that when dealing with two figures of speech, simile and metaphor, the Heâs and Chenâs versions are very flexible in the choice of specific translation strategies, sometimes approaching the âtruth-seekingâ side, sometimes approaching the âutility-attainingâ side; when it comes to metonymy, Chenâs version tends to be utility-attaining, while Heâs version tends to be truth-seeking; When dealing with synecdoche, both the Heâs and Chenâs versions tend to be truth-seeking
Dual-network fiber-hydrogel membrane for osmotic energy harvesting
Osmotic energy harvesting was a promising way to alleviate energy crisis with reverse electrodialysis (RED) membrane-based technology. Charged hydrogel combined with other materials was an effective strategy to overcome problems, including restricted functional groups and complicated fabrication, but the effect of the respective charges of the two materials combined on the membrane properties has rarely been studied in depth. Herein, a new method was proposed that charged hydrogel was equipped with charged filter paper to form dual network fiber-hydrogel membrane for osmotic energy harvesting, which had excellent ion selectivity (beyond 0.9 under high concentration gradient), high ion transference number and energy conversion efficiency (beyond 32.5% under wide range concentration gradient), good property of osmotic energy conversion (âŒ4.84 W/m2 under 50-fold KCl and âŒ6.75 W/m2 under simulated sea water and river water). Moreover, the power density was attributed to the surface-space charge synergistic effect from large amounts overlapping of electric double layer (EDL), so that the transmembrane ion transport was enhanced. It might be a valid mode to extensively develop the osmotic energy harvesting
Loss of the tumor suppressor, Tp53, enhances the androgen receptor-mediated oncogenic transformation and tumor development in the mouse prostate.
Recent genome analysis of human prostate cancers demonstrated that both AR gene amplification and TP53 mutation are among the most frequently observed alterations in advanced prostate cancer. However, the biological role of these dual genetic alterations in prostate tumorigenesis is largely unknown. In addition, there are no biologically relevant models that can be used to assess the molecular mechanisms for these genetic abnormalities. Here, we report a novel mouse model, in which elevated transgenic AR expression and Trp53 deletion occur simultaneously in mouse prostatic epithelium to mimic human prostate cancer cells. These compound mice developed an earlier onset of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and accelerated prostate tumors in comparison with mice harboring only the AR transgene. Histological analysis showed prostatic sarcomatoid and basaloid carcinomas with massive squamous differentiation in the above compound mice. RNA-sequencing analyses identified a robust enrichment of the signature genes for human prostatic basal cell carcinomas in the above prostate tumors. Master regulator analysis revealed SOX2 as a transcriptional regulator in prostatic basal cell tumors. Elevated expression of SOX2 and its downstream target genes were detected in prostatic tumors of the compound mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses implicate a coregulatory role of AR and SOX2 in the expression of prostatic basal cell signature genes. Our data demonstrate a critical role of SOX2 in prostate tumorigenesis and provide mechanistic insight into prostate tumor aggressiveness and progression mediated by aberrant AR and p53 signaling pathways
Screening and Expression Analysis of Key Regulator Genes Associated with (Z)-3-Hexenal and (E)-2-Hexenal Transformation during Manufacturing Process of Oolong Tea
In this study, the contents of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal during oolong tea processing were measured and four (3Z):(2E)-hexenal isomerase (HI) genes were selected based on transcriptomic data. Meanwhile, the correlation between the changes of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal contents and related gene expression was analyzed. The results indicated that during oolong tea processing, one of the two compounds fell, while the other rose. Mechanical damage caused by tossing increased and reduced the contents of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal, respectively. Subsequent spreading contributed to the transformation of (Z)-3-hexenal into (E)-2-hexenal, resulting in an increase in the content of (E)-2-hexenal. The four selected genes all responded to mechanical stress and water deficit stress. The constructed phylogenetic tree indicated that CsHI was closely related to many germin-like proteins in plants such as tea (Camellia sinensis) and carrot (Daucus carota). This study provides a reference for clarifying the formation and transformation mechanism of volatile substances during oolong tea processing and improving the quality of oolong tea
Research on Bi-level Cooperative Robust Planning of Distributed Renewable Energy in Incremental Distribution Network Considering Demand Response
The paper constructs a two-level collaborative planning model for incremental distribution network considering demand response and distributed renewable energy access. In the upper model, the goal is to minimize the investment cost of the distribution network, and the lower model takes the system's operating cost optimally, fully considers the uncertainty of renewable energy output, and introduces robust optimization to solve it. It can be seen from the simulation results that the consideration of demand response in the distribution network planning is conducive to delaying investment costs, enhancing power user load flexibility, and effectively avoiding load shedding and other problems. The research results lay the foundation for the feasibility of demand response resources participating in power grid plannin
Diabetic retinopathy risk in patients with unhealthy lifestyle: A Mendelian randomization study
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the causal association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk and to determine better interventions targeting these modifiable unhealthy factors.DesignTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in this study. The inverse variance-weighted method was used as the primary method.MethodOur study included 687 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors as instrumental variables. Aggregated data on individual-level genetic information were obtained from the corresponding studies and consortia. A total of 292,622,3 cases and 739,241,18 variants from four large consortia (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [MRC-IEU], Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits [GIANT], GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use [GSCAN], and Neale Lab) were included.ResultIn the MR analysis, a higher body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.30â1.54; P < 0.001] and cigarettes per day (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.05â1.28; P = 0.003) were genetically predicted to be causally associated with an increased risk of DR, while patients with higher hip circumference (HC) had a lower risk of DR (OR, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.76â0.95; P = 0.004). In the analysis of subtypes of DR, the results of BMI and HC were similar to those of DR, whereas cigarettes per day were only related to proliferative DR (PDR) (OR, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.04â1.33; P = 0.009). In the MR-PRESSO analysis, a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a risk factor for DR and PDR (OR, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.02â1.50, P = 0.041; OR, 95% CI = 1.32, 1.01â1.73, P = 0.049) after removing the outliers. Furthermore, no pleiotropy was observed in these exposures.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher BMI, WHR, and smoking are likely to be causal factors in the development of DR, whereas genetically higher HC is associated with a lower risk of DR, providing insights into a better understanding of the etiology and prevention of DR
Analysis of Key Aroma Components of Three Representative Oolong Tea Varieties by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Olfactory-Mass Spectrometry
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) combined with gas chromatography-olfactory-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) was used to identify and describe the key aroma components of three representative oolong tea varieties, Huangdan, Tieguanyin and Jinguanyin. Comparative analysis was conducted in terms of odor activity value (OAV), aroma character impact (ACI) value and sensory evaluation. The sensory evaluation showed that each variety showed obvious aroma characteristics. Huangdan oolong tea had an obvious floral aroma as well as a slight milky aroma. Tieguanyin oolong tea had a strong floral aroma. Jinguanyin oolong tea had a sweet fruity aroma as well as a slight woody aroma. According to the results of OAV and GC-O-MS analysis, geraniol, phytol, methyl jasmonate, trans-nerol tertiary alcohol, 2-nonone, and phenyl ethanol were identified as key aroma components in Huangdan oolong tea, which provided it with clean and high floral aroma and obvious milky aroma characteristics. In Tieguanyin oolong tea, linalool, 3,5-octylodiene-2-one, linalool oxide, cis-jasmonone, dehydrolinalool, and α-terpineol showed diverse floral aromas, which were closely related to the characteristic aroma of Tieguanyin oolong tea. The key aroma components identified in Jinguanyin oolong tea included linalool, canalaldehyde, geranyl acetone, cis-jasmonone and isoeugenol, which were responsible for the characteristic sweet floral and woody aromas of Jinguanyin oolong tea
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Transgenic expression of Walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin gene in zebrafish and its protective effect on liver-tumor development after carcinogen treatment
A retrovirus homologue gene of cellular cyclin Dâ, walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin
gene (orf A or rv-cyclin), was expressed in the livers of zebrafish under the control
of liver fatty-acid binding protein (lfabp) promoter. To prevent possible fatality caused
by over-expression of the oncogene, the GAL4/UAS system was used to maintain the
transgenic lines. Thus, both GAL4-activator, Tg(lfabp:GAL4), and UAS-effector,
Tg(UAS:rvcyclin), lines were generated and the rv-cyclin gene was activated in the liver
after crossing these two lines. Since no obvious neoplasial phenotypes were observed in
the double-transgenic line, cancer susceptibility of the transgenic fish expressing rv-cyclin
was tested by carcinogen treatment. Unexpectedly, transgenic fish expressing rv-cyclin
gene (rvcyclin+) seemed to be more resistant to the carcinogen than were siblings
not expressing this gene (rvcyclinâ). Lower incidences of multiple and malignant liver
tumors were observed in rvcyclin+ than in rvcyclinâ fish, and the liver tumors in the
rvcyclin+ group appeared later and less severe. These results suggest that expression of
rv-cyclin protects the fish liver from carcinogen damage and delays onset of malignancy.
This observationâfrom a transgenic fish modelâmay be relevant to studies of liver-cancer
inhibition and regression.Keywords: Transgenic fish, Carcinogen, Liver neoplasia, Tumor regression, Walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin geneKeywords: Transgenic fish, Carcinogen, Liver neoplasia, Tumor regression, Walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin gen
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