What is the best treatment for gastroesophageal reflux and vomiting in infants?

The literature on pediatric reflux can be divided into studies addressing clinically apparent reflux (vomiting or regurgitation) and reflux as measured by pH probe or other methods. Sodium alginate reduces vomiting and improves parents' assessment of symptoms (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, small randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Formula thickened with rice cereal decreases the number of postprandial emesis episodes in infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (SOR: B, small RCT)

What is the best treatment for infants with colic?

Infantile colic, defined as excessive crying in an otherwise healthy baby, is a distressing phenomenon, but there is little evidence to support the many treatments offered. Several small studies report some benefit from use of a hypoallergenic (protein hydrolysate) formula, maternal diet adjustment (focusing on a low-allergen diet), and reduced stimulation of the infant. While dicyclomine has been shown to be effective for colic, there are significant concerns about its safety, and the manufacturer has contraindicated its use in this population. An herbal tea containing chamomile, vervain, licorice, fennel, and balm-mint was also effective in a small RCT, but the volume necessary for treatment limits its usefulness (strength of recommendation: B, inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence). The one proven treatment is time, as this behavior tends to dissipate by 6 months of age

What's the best treatment for cradle cap?

Ketoconazole (Nizoral) shampoo appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment for infants with cradle cap (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, consensus, usual practice, opinion, disease-oriented evidence, and case series). Limit topical corticosteroids to severe cases because of possible systemic absorption (SOR: C). Overnight application of emollients followed by gentle brushing and washing with baby shampoo helps to remove the scale associated with cradle cap (SOR: C)

Essential services of clinical librarians in academic and health care settings: A cross-sectional study: Dataset

Survey instrument and dataset for published article. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study that provides a comprehensive summary of clinical librarian service models in the US, Canada, and the UK from. An online survey received 182 responses from clinical librarians in hospital and academic libraries. These clinical librarians shared the services they provide, patrons they work with, and the value they add to clinical environments. Full article was published in Medical Reference Services Quarterly, volume 21, issue 2, 2021

Essential services of clinical librarians in academic and health care settings: A cross-sectional study: Postprint

This paper provides a comprehensive summary of clinical librarian service models in the US, Canada, and the UK from a cross-sectional study. An online survey received 182 responses from clinical librarians in hospital (62%), academic (26%), and other (10%) libraries. These clinical librarians shared the services they provide, patrons they work with, and their perceptions of the value they add to clinical environments. Overall, this study quantifies the services offered most frequently by clinical librarians, the services felt to be most valuable, and the variety of health care clientele whom clinical librarians serve. These findings have implications for current clinical librarians, libraries and health care institutions, and for those who may become clinical librarians in the future. The version of record is published in Medical Reference Services Quarterly, Volume 40, Issue 2, 2021 and is available at the following URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02763869.2021.191257

Without Face-to-Face Limits: Using Online Modules to Expand Specialty Focused Residency EBM Instruction for the ACGME Milestone Project

Objective: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestone Project has created the need for specialty focused, developmentally tiered and competency based evidence-based medicine (EBM) instruction. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Health Sciences Library is extending current staff capacity for face-to-face sessions by creating online module templates that can be adapted to meet the specific needs of more residency programs. Method: Testing the effectiveness, quality and usability of the draft templates is part of the project development plan. The specialty focused EBM face-to-face instruction session of the Clinical Based Year (CBY) anesthesiology residents' Academic Medicine Rotation is the model for the online template. In order to be able to compare the validity of the online modules in comparison with face-to-face sessions, baseline data was gathered from a pre-test/post-test completed by the ten anesthesiology resident participants in the 2015 program. The pre-test/post-test included five knowledge questions and two self-perception questions. After the face-to-face session, the anesthesiology residents were asked to review the online module version of the instruction and answer a brief survey about ease of use and preferred learning mode. Results: Seven of ten residents increased their number of correct answers on the post-test. There were no perfect scores on the pre-test and five perfect scores on the post-test. Three of ten residents indicated a higher self-perceived comfort level for completing a PubMed EBM search. Two of ten residents had an increase level of agreement that their PubMed searching skills are sufficient. Seven of ten residents evaluated the online module and rated it as clearly organized and easy to understand and use. Four would prefer to learn and practice the EBM content in a group session with an instructor, two did not have a preference and one strongly preferred to learn online. Conclusion: Pre-test/post-test data confirmed face-to-face instruction had a positive impact on EBM knowledge and moderately improved self-perceived comfort with EBM searching. This baseline data will be used to compare with residents who only use the online format in the future. Positive feedback on ease of using the online module confirms that the template is functional. A more formal objective evaluation is planned. The variety of learning preferences within this small group indicates that face-to-face instruction is preferred by some, but that online modules will better meet the needs of others and appear to be an adequate way to expand our overall reach

Health Sciences Library Sustainable Scholarship Town Hall Presentation, August 2019

The Health Sciences Library's Sustainable Scholarship Town Hall Presentation, August 2019, was presented at the Health Sciences Library to update members of the faculty on sustainable scholarship at UNC-Chapel Hill

Lactation Support for People Who Are Incarcerated: A Systematic Review

Background: Lactation support, defined here as the access to educational resources, supplies, mental health and psychosocial support, skilled lactation counseling, and peer support, has been identified as critical to optimal health outcomes for birthing parents and infants. People who give birth while incarcerated are likely to receive suboptimal lactation support. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature on lactation support for incarcerated people to identify existing programs and policies, gaps in lactation support and ways to address the gaps, and incarcerated people\u27s perspectives on breastfeeding and lactation support. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify studies that addressed two main concepts: (1) breastfeeding and (2) incarcerated populations in the United States. Results: After meeting the eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of the findings. Studies highlight the importance of supporting birthing people who want to provide milk to their infants in a way that is desired, psychologically safe, and structurally supported. Programs are needed to delay or prevent parent-infant separation after birth, provide education around breastfeeding misconceptions, and link to resources and ongoing support for both breastfeeding and milk expression. Implementation of breastfeeding programs may be most effectively undertaken with clear policies and dedicated leadership either internally or through community or health care partnerships. Discussion: This review highlights the policies and practices that hinder adequate lactation support for birthing parent-infant dyads who are incarcerated and describes feasible policies, education, and clinical support that can be used to improve care

Lactation Support for People Who Are Incarcerated: A Systematic Review

Lactation support, defined here as the access to educational resources, supplies, mental health and psychosocial support, skilled lactation counseling, and peer support, has been identified as critical to optimal health outcomes for birthing parents and infants. People who give birth while incarcerated are likely to receive suboptimal lactation support. The purpose of this review is to explore the literature on lactation support for incarcerated people to identify existing programs and policies, gaps in lactation support and ways to address the gaps, and incarcerated people\u27s perspectives on breastfeeding and lactation support. We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify studies that addressed two main concepts: (1) breastfeeding and (2) incarcerated populations in the United States. After meeting the eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis of the findings. Studies highlight the importance of supporting birthing people who want to provide milk to their infants in a way that is desired, psychologically safe, and structurally supported. Programs are needed to delay or prevent parent-infant separation after birth, provide education around breastfeeding misconceptions, and link to resources and ongoing support for both breastfeeding and milk expression. Implementation of breastfeeding programs may be most effectively undertaken with clear policies and dedicated leadership either internally or through community or health care partnerships. This review highlights the policies and practices that hinder adequate lactation support for birthing parent-infant dyads who are incarcerated and describes feasible policies, education, and clinical support that can be used to improve care

Simulation models of sugary drink policies: A scoping review.

IntroductionSimulation modeling methods are an increasingly common tool for projecting the potential health effects of policies to decrease sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. However, it remains unknown which SSB policies are understudied and how simulation modeling methods could be improved. To inform next steps, we conducted a scoping review to characterize the (1) policies considered and (2) major characteristics of SSB simulation models.MethodsWe systematically searched 7 electronic databases in 2020, updated in 2021. Two investigators independently screened articles to identify peer-reviewed research using simulation modeling to project the impact of SSB policies on health outcomes. One investigator extracted information about policies considered and key characteristics of models from the full text of included articles. Data were analyzed in 2021-22.ResultsSixty-one articles were included. Of these, 50 simulated at least one tax policy, most often an ad valorem tax (e.g., 20% tax, n = 25) or volumetric tax (e.g., 1 cent-per-fluid-ounce tax, n = 23). Non-tax policies examined included bans on SSB purchases (n = 5), mandatory reformulation (n = 3), warning labels (n = 2), and portion size policies (n = 2). Policies were typically modeled in populations accounting for age and gender or sex attributes. Most studies focused on weight-related outcomes (n = 54), used cohort, lifetable, or microsimulation modeling methods (n = 34), conducted sensitivity or uncertainty analyses (n = 56), and included supplementary materials (n = 54). Few studies included stakeholders at any point in their process (n = 9) or provided replication code/data (n = 8).DiscussionMost simulation modeling of SSB policies has focused on tax policies and has been limited in its exploration of heterogenous impacts across population groups. Future research would benefit from refined policy and implementation scenario specifications, thorough assessments of the equity impacts of policies using established methods, and standardized reporting to improve transparency and consistency