Visualization of blood vessels by corrosion technique

Corrosion technique is one of the basic and widely used methods of visualization of vascularization of organs in the anatomy of humans and animals. It consists in filling vascular (blood or lymph), wires or cavernous organs material, e.g., injection. Mass based on wax or putty material based on rubber, synthetic resin and subsequently etching the soft tissues. Ultimately obtained castings of these structures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of this technique in morphological studies. In retrospect, corrosion technique has been used already in the seventeenth century, however, because of the use of filler materials such as water, liquid dyes, and even air, obtained anatomical specimens were unstable, therefore, did not yield the desired effect of the test. With time, however, the corrosion technician went through some modifications and new solutions in the embodiment and above all in the chemical composition of the filling material. In the twentieth century, they began to use compounds such as polyester resins, methyl methacrylate or polyvinyl chloride, the specific properties of these compounds allowed the visualization and consolidation of fine anatomic structures in the vascular system, the bronchial tree or the bile ducts. Extensive use of this technique in medicine, veterinary and comparative anatomy of vertebrates underlines its usefulness and the need to use

Vertebral compression fracture in CT imaging – a case study

Compression fractures of the spine are frequent clinical problems, include damage to the vertebral bodies, leading to their collapse and reduction in height. A 67-year-old woman with symptoms of constant back pain, especially during standing and walking, the mobility of the spine was limited while lying on the back decreased the feeling of pain. As a result of the study, compression fractures of the three thoracic vertebrae were observed, this concerned Th6, Th8, Th11 vertebral bodies and in the case of the first lumbar vertebrae (L1). A computed tomography (CT) scan allows for the best imaging of bony anatomy and improved assessment of loss of height, retropulsion of fragments into the central canal

The structure of the brain and human behaviour

Currently, the state of knowing the structure and functionality of the human brain is a source of interest for many researchers. Despite the fact that there are significant advances in neurobiology, there is still a lack of information on neuroanatomy and neurophysiology that could shed a new look at interpersonal behavior. Changes in the structure of the human brain, which may occur as a result of various factors, affect its functioning and thus human behavior. In the context of neuroanatomic and metabolic changes, cognitive functioning, as well as the expression and control of emotions are also modified. It is worth noting that during the adolescence period, the human nervous system is particularly sensitive to injuries, and dysfunctions of the brain structures that can interfere with for overly risky or even aggressive behavior. The aim of this work was to determine the basic anatomical structures in the functional aspect conditioning human behavior

Bilateral hip dysplasia – a case report in a 66-year-old man

Hip dysplasia in adults occurs when the defect was not treated in childhood or when the treatment was ineffective. The main symptoms include swelling, redness of the joint area and pain, which intensifies during exercise, there may also be limping. In the image examinations, the outline of the joint may be distorted. Hip dysplasia is usually diagnosed by an experienced physician using the combination of symptoms, hip examination and x-ray findings. A computed tomography may also be helpful to diagnose hip dysplasia and give the physician information on any damage to the cartilage and labrum. A 66-year-old man with symptoms of constant pain in the hip area, which intensifies when walking, standing or running. Pain at night during rest and the impression of catching, slamming or blocking. As a result of the study, the features of bilateral dysplasia of the hip joints with large degenerative changes in the joints and periarticular calcifications was observed

The human adult skull with complete metopic suture – a case report

In the recent years, variations of cranial sutures are commonly studied because of their significance in various fields of medicine and surgery. The metopic suture is a dentate-type suture extending from the nasion to the bregma. The incidence of the metopism and difference in shapes varies by races. The fact is that metopism appears more frequently among women than men. The aim of this work is to analyze case to the human skull of an adult (female), originating from excavations in the vicinity of Kielce. The skull comes from the osteological collection of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University. The knowledge of the anatomy of the metopic suture is important because its permanence can be mistaken for a cranial fracture in radiological images, or even for the sagittal suture. It is also important for anthropology and forensic medicine

Wormian bones - a case report of post-mortem examination

Skull bones provide attachment to numerous facial expressions. Sometimes, as an anatomical variant, small irregular bones (ossicles) appear in the area already present and located at the seams of the cranial skull. These asymmetrical bones are also called sutural bones, which usually occur along the sutures. The observational study concerns bone material located in the Department of Anatomy of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce. During the analysis of human skulls, the occurrence of additional bones within the cranial sutures was observed. Morphologically, these bones have different shapes (oval, oblong, round, quadrilateral, polygonal, triangular) and sizes. Wormian bones are more common in the human skull than previously reported, therefore doctors or radiologists should know about this anatomical variant not to confuse it with the clinical aspect during surgery or imaging the skull

A tongue tumor as an example of oral cancer in MRI imaging - a case study

Magnetic resonance tomography (MR) is a valuable source in the diagnosis of oral cancer due to: obtaining images in any planes and cross-sections, high tissue resolution and not subjecting the patient to ionizing radiation. In this case, presented a 66-year-old man with an advanced visible change in the body of the tongue, symptoms associated with pain and difficulty swallowing, uncomfortable breathing, salivation, and a speech problem underwent MRI examination to determine the location and extent of neoplastic change. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) oral cancer is a global problem and is the sixth most common cancer among all types of cancer. In the last decade, an increase in the percentage of young patients with tongue cancer has been observed

Hydronephrosis – a case report in a 88-year-old man

Wróbel Grzegorz. Hydronephrosis – a case report in a 88-year-old man. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):389-393. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1000152 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4920 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.09.2017. Revised 10.09.2017. Accepted: 10.09.2017. Hydronephrosis – a case report in a 88-year-old man Grzegorz Wróbel1 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland Correspondence: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Al. IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland. Tel: 413496965. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Hydronephrosis is a condition where urine overfills, or backs up, into the kidney, which causes the kidney to stretch (dilate), much like a balloon when it is filled with water. Hydronephrosis can be congenital or acquired (functional or anatomical). The aim of the study is to investigate the case of left kidney taken from human corpses (82-year-old man) with morphological changes corresponding to hydronephrosis. In the anatomical aspect, the hydrogel formation process is as follows: above the obstruction in the ureters (e.g. stone or a tumour) the urinary tracts expand. Followed by impaired blood supply, kidney parenchyma disappears and kidneys transform themselves in a bag filled with urine. Causes are numerous. Various congenital deformities of the ureter may sooner or later produce back pressure. Kidney stones are a common cause. In older men, the continued growth of the prostate gland leads commonly to restricted urine flow out of the bladder. Prostate cancer, and cancer anywhere else along the urine pathways, can obstruct flow. Keywords: kidney, hydronephrosis, anatom

Selected aspects of patient health in nuclear medicine

Nuclear radiation plays an important role in nuclear medicine. The health risk to patients undergoing screening only concerns the fact of gamma-ray emission, of course, the magnitude of this risk is dose-dependent. The purpose of the study is to assess patient safety in ionizing radiation studies in the light of applicable laws. The principle of optimizing the health protection of people subjected examinations using ionizing radiation mainly concerns the choice of the best protection option under specific exposure conditions and the greater benefits of ionizing radiation to the potential damage that could be caused by radiation exposure. Unfortunately, in some cases, patients are unnecessarily exposed to ionizing radiation during the diagnostic process, often as a result of lack of supervision of doses or undue imaging studies by physicians. Due to the numerous evidence highlighting the negative impact of high doses of ionizing radiation on the human body, we are not able to accurately track and evaluate all mechanisms of its action

Education or business? - exhibition of human corpses

Wróbel Grzegorz Paweł. Education or business? - exhibition of human corpses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(9):510-516. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.997496 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4842 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.08.2017. Revised: 10.09.2017. Accepted: 10.09.2017. Education or business? - exhibition of human corpses Grzegorz Paweł Wróbel Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University; Al. IX Wieków Kielc 19 A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; E-mail: [email protected]; Phone: 41-349-69-65 Grzegorz Wróbel http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-1692, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Exhibition "BODY WORLDS" which are presented exhibits of human remains are presented all over the world and are a major problem for the modern man, as presented on the preparations of the human not only serve scientific research, are not transferred to the medical schools to educate future doctors, but they were made available to the general public in the form of commercial and ambiguous. The aim of this study was to assess the ethical commercialization of human corpses "BODY WORLDS" exhibitions. Individual approach to the problems presented the dignity and value of human remains after death, of course, strongly related to the professed worldview. In the exhibits can be seen in both the scientific interest anatomical structures, as well as desecrated human remains or beautiful by its functional perfection of the body, understood also in terms of art. The question of ethics determines the right to decide for themselves, on the other hand, allows you to protect bodily integrity even after death. "BODY WORLDS" exhibition goes for the moral and ethical boundaries. In terms of people Gunther von Hagens for plastination of human remains which became a very profitable business, and its current activities defined as "plastination business" should be firmly said about the lack of moral principles. Keywords: anatomy, ethics, art, trad