806 research outputs found
Adenosine receptors expression is elevated in leukocytes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subjects — a preliminary study
Introduction: Adenosine receptors (ARs), belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are present in the majority of human
cells and tissues. Depending on their biochemical and pharmacologic properties, four subtypes of ARs (i.e. A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) have been
distinguished. Currently, these receptors are attractive molecular targets for pharmacological interventions in various diseases, including
diabetes. The literature published to date has shown an altered expression of ARs in several types of cells under diabetic conditions. However,
there has been no publication devoted to the investigation of ARs expression in leukocytes of subjects with gestational diabetes
mellitus (GDM). Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the expression level of AR subtypes in leukocytes of GDM patients and its
relationship to anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
Material and methods: Gene expression of four AR subtypes in leukocytes of both healthy (n = 34) and GDM (n = 67) subjects in the third
trimester of pregnancy (from 24 to 33 weeks) was investigated. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess the association between
the expression level of ARs and both anthropometric and biochemical parameters.
Results: Statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher levels of A2A and A2B mRNAs were observed in leukocytes of the GDM subjects compared
to the control group. There was a positive correlation of A2B mRNA level with glucose concentration at 120 min of oral glucose tolerance
test (OGTT) (r = 0.24, p = 0.041).
Conclusions: Overexpression of A2BAR in leukocytes of the GDM subjects and, additionally, the existence of a relationship between its
elevated expression level in these cells and abnormal values of glucose concentration at 120 min of OGTT for GDM, suggest that this
subtype might be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM. (Pol J Endocrinol 2012; 63 (2): 110–114)Wstęp: Receptory adenozynowe (ARs) należą do błonowych receptorów sprzężonych z białkami G, które są obecne w większości ludzkich
komórek i tkanek. Na podstawie ich biochemicznych i farmakologicznych właściwości wyróżniono cztery podtypy ARs (tj. A1, A2A,
A2B, A3). Obecnie receptory te stanowią atrakcyjne molekularne cele dla farmakologicznych interwencji w różnych chorobach, w tym
cukrzycy. W dostępnym piśmiennictwie istnieją dane wskazujące, że poziom ekspresji receptorów może ulegać zmianom w niektórych
typach komórek podczas cukrzycy, natomiast nie ma publikacji dotyczących badania ekspresji ARs w leukocytach pacjentek z cukrzycą
ciążową (GDM). Dlatego celem pracy było określenie poziomu ekspresji czterech podtypów ARs w leukocytach kobiet z GDN i ich korelacja
z wybranymi parametrami antropometrycznymi i metabolicznymi.
Materiał i metody: Poziom ekspresji czterech podtypów ARs badano w leukocytach kobiet w ciąży, zarówno zdrowych (n = 34; grupa
kontrolna), jak i ze zdiagnozowaną GDM (n = 67). Poziomy ekspresji korelowano z oznaczonymi parametrami antropometrycznymi
i biochemicznymi.
Wyniki: W grupie GDM zaobserwowano istotny statystycznie (p < 0,05) wzrost poziomu mRNA receptorów A2A and A2B w porównaniu
z grupą kontrolną. Zaznaczyła się również dodatnia korelacja między poziomem ekspresji receptora A2B a stężeniem glukozy w 2. godzinie
testu doustnego obciążenia 75 g glukozy (r = 0,24; p = 0,041).
Wnioski: Zarówno istotnie podwyższony poziom ekspresji receptora A2B w leukocytach kobiet z GDM, jak i istnienie dodatniej korelacji
między poziomem ekspresji receptora A2B w tych komórkach a stężeniem glukozy wskazują na jego potencjalny udział w patogenezie
GDM. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (2): 110–114
The tribology of the car: Research methodology and evaluation criteria
From a position of structural and power theory of friction and wear, it is possible to apply the method of Contact Electrical Resistance (CER) for a complex research of the processes in a-zone of frictional contact. The purpose of this paper is to present a construction of friction node and drive mechanism of friction machine. As a result of the reported study the regularities of changes the CER and tribomechanical indices for non-metal friction couples in dependence on loading parameters and lubricating media were received. Also, the method of determination the range and level of normal wear and critical points of transmission to damage in accordance with kinetics of wear changes is proposed. The interrelation between geometrical, physical and mechanical properties, processes of formation, transformation and destruction of secondary structures, tribotechnical indices and CER in dependence on operation regimes of friction couples
Reactivity of 2-formylphenylboronic acid toward secondary aromatic amines in amination–reduction reactions
The synthesis of 2-(arylaminomethyl)phenylboronic acid via an amination–reduction reaction has been investigated within a model system comprising 2-formylphenylboronic acid and N-ethylaniline. Adoption of the appropriate reaction conditions influences the reactivity of 2-formylphenylboronic acid, enabling efficient synthesis of so-far unobtainable 2-(arylaminomethyl)phenylboronic compounds. The first crystal structure of the aromatic amine derivative has been determined and described
Electromagnetically assisted densification of copper-sheathed in situ MgB2/Cu wires
peer-reviewedThis paper summarizes recent methods of
improving critical current density of in situ Cu-sheathed
MgB2 wires. These methods include using optimum heat
treatment schedule, adding copper powder to the wire core
and electromagnetic densification of wire core. The large
part of work reported here focuses on the latter method
applied to the relatively low-density MgB2/Cu wire core.
The packing density of unreacted, monofilament wire core
was increased by 8 % with oscillating magnetic pressure,
reaching a peak value above 700 MPa as calculated by
finite element modelling of the forming process. The higher
density of the MgB2 core combined with copper powder
addition resulted in a critical current density increase of
more than fivefold in comparison to purely stoichiometric
and cold-drawn-only wire.PUBLISHEDpeer-reviewe
The Araucaria Project. An improved distance to the Sculptor spiral galaxy NGC 300 from its Cepheid variables
In a previous paper, we reported on the discovery of more than a hundred new
Cepheid variables in the Sculptor Group spiral NGC 300 from wide-field images
taken in the B and V photometric bands at ESO/La Silla. In this paper, we
present additional VI data, derive improved periods and mean magnitudes for the
variables, and construct period-luminosity relations in the V, I and the
reddening-independent (V-I) Wesenheit bands using 58 Cepheid variables with
periods between 11 and 90 days. We obtain tightly defined relations, and by
fitting the slopes determined for the LMC Cepheids by the OGLE II Project we
obtain reddening-corrected distances to the galaxy in all bands. We adopt as
our best value the distance derived from the reddening-free Wesenheit
magnitudes, which is 26.43 0.04 (random) 0.05 (systematic) mag. We
argue that our current distance result for NGC 300 is the most accurate which
has so far been obtained using Cepheid variables, and that it is largely free
from systematic effects due to metallicity, blending, and sample selection. It
agrees very well with the recent distance determination from the tip of the red
giant branch method obtained from HST data by Butler et al. (2004), and it is
consistent with the Cepheid distance to NGC 300 which was derived by Freedman
et al. (2001) from CCD photometry of a smaller sample of stars.Comment: Latex, Astronomical Journal in pres
The Araucaria Project. The Distance to the Local Group Galaxy NGC 6822 from Cepheid Variables discovered in a Wide-Field Imaging Survey
We have obtained mosaic images of NGC 6822 in V and I bands on 77 nights.
From these data, we have conducted an extensive search for Cepheid variables
over the entire field of the galaxy, and we have found 116 such variables with
periods ranging from 1.7 to 124 days. We used the long-period ( 5.6 days)
Cepheids to establish the period-luminosity relations in V, I and in the
reddening-independent Wesenheit index, which are all very tightly defined.
Fitting the OGLE LMC slopes in the various bands to our data, we have derived
distance values for NGC 6822 in V, I and which agree very
well among themselves. Our adopted best distance value from the reddening-free
Wesenheit index is 23.34 0.04 (statistical) 0.05 (systematic) mag.
This value agrees within the combined 1 sigma uncertainties with a previous
distance value derived for NGC 6822 by McAlary et al. from near-IR photometry
of 9 Cepheids, but our new value is significantly more accurate. We compare the
slopes of the Cepheid PL relation in V and I as determined in the five
best-observed nearby galaxies, which span a metallicity range from -1.0 to -0.3
dex, and find the data consistent with no metallicity dependence of the PL
relation slope in this range. Comparing the magnitudes of 10-day Cepheids with
the I-band magnitudes of the TRGB in the same set of galaxies, there is no
evidence either for a significant variation of the period-luminosity zero
points in V and I. The available data limit such a zero point variation to less
than 0.03 mag, in the considered low-metallicity regime.Comment: Latex, Astronomical Journal accepte
The Araucaria Project. The Distance to the Local Group Galaxy WLM from Cepheid Variables discovered in a Wide-Field Imaging Survey
We have conducted an extensive wide-field imaging survey for Cepheid
variables in the Local Group irregular galaxy WLM. From data obtained on 101
nights, we have discovered 60 Cepheids which include 14 of the 15 Cepheid
variables previously detected by Sandage and Carlson. Down to a period of 3
days, our Cepheid survey in WLM should be practically complete. Importantly, we
have found for the first time a long-period Cepheid (P=54.2 days) in this
galaxy, alleviating the puzzle that WLM with its many blue, massive stars does
not contain Cepheids with periods longer than about 10 days. Our data define
tight period-luminosity relations in V, I and the reddening-free Wesenheit
magnitude which are all extremely well fit by the
corresponding slopes of the LMC Cepheid PL relation, suggesting no change of
the PL relation slope down to a Cepheid metal abundance of about -1.0 dex, in
agreement with other recent studies. We derive a true distance modulus to WLM
of 25.144 0.03 (r) 0.07 (s) mag from our data, in good agreement with
the earlier 24.92 0.21 mag determination of Lee, Freedman and Madore
(1993a) from Cepheid variables. The quoted value of the systematic uncertainty
does not include the contribution from the LMC distance which we have assumed
to be 18.50 mag, as in the previous papers in our project.Comment: AJ accepte
The Araucaria Project. A Wide-Field Photometric Survey for Cepheid Variables in NGC 3109
We have obtained mosaic images of NGC 3109 in the V and I bands on 74 nights,
spanning approximately one year. From these data, we have conducted an
extensive search for Cepheid variables over the entire field of the galaxy,
resulting in the discovery of 113 variables with periods ranging from 3.4 to
31.4 days. In this sample, 76 Cepheids, including many long-period variables,
were not known before. For the previously known 45 Cepheids in this galaxy, our
data proved that reported periods were wrong for 14 objects; for nearly all
other previously known Cepheid variables we were able to significantly improve
on the periods. We construct period-luminosity relations from our data and
obtain reddening-corrected distance moduli of 25.72 0.05 mag in V, and
25.66 0.04 mag in I. The distance modulus derived form the
reddening-independent V-I Wesenheit index turns out to be significantly shorter
(25.54 0.05 mag), which indicates that in addition to the foreground
extinction of E(B-V) = 0.05 mag, there is an intrinsic to NGC 3109 redening of
about 0.05 mag. Our distance obtained based on the reddening-free Wesenheit
magnitudes is consistent with earlier distance determinations of NGC 3109 from
Cepheids, and the tip of the red giant branch. We will improve on our distance
and extinction determination combining our optical data with the follow-up
near-infrared observations of a subsample of NGC 3109 Cepheids.Comment: accepted to be published in the Ap
The Araucaria Project. The Distance to the Sculptor Group Galaxy NGC 55 from a Newly Discovered Abundant Cepheid Population
We have detected, for the first time, Cepheid variables in the Sculptor Group
SB(s)m galaxy NGC 55. From wide-field images obtained in the optical V and I
bands during 77 nights in 2002-2003, we have found 143 Cepheids with periods
ranging from 5.6 to 175.9 days. 133 of these objects have periods longer than
10 days, making NGC 55 to-date the galaxy with the largest known number of
long-period Cepheids in the Sculptor Group. We construct period-luminosity
relations from our data and obtain distance moduli corrected for the small
foreground reddening to NGC 55 of 26.79 0.04 mag (internal error) in V,
26.66 0.03 mag in I and 26.40 0.05 mag in the reddening-independent
V-I Wesenheit index. The trend of increasing distance moduli with shorter
wavelength hints at the existence of significant reddening intrinsic to NGC 55
which affects the measured Cepheid magnitudes. From our data, we determine the
intrinsic mean reddening of the Cepheids in NGC 55 as E(B-V) = 0.102 mag which
brings the distance determinations from the different bands into excellent
agreement. Our best distance estimate for NGC 55 from the present optical
Cepheid photometry is 26.40 mag 0.05 mag (internal error) 0.09 mag
(systematic error). This value is tied to an assumed LMC distance of 18.50 mag.
Our quoted systematic error of the present NGC 55 Cepheid distance does not
take into account the current uncertainty on the distance of the fiducial LMC
galaxy itself.
Within the small respective uncertainties, the Sculptor Group galaxies NGC 55
and NGC 300 are at the same distance of 1.9 Mpc, strengthening the case for a
physical association of these galaxiesComment: Astronomical Journal in press (December issue
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