Immigrant Benefit Receipt: Sensitivity to the Choice of Survey years and Model Specification.

Receipt of unemployment insurance by immigrant men and social assistance by immigrant families are analysed using thirteen surveys from Canada. Estimates from a cohort fixed effects model are found to be sensitive to the choice of survey years. This is due to the mis-specification of the fixed effects model which is rejected when tested against a model allowing for separate year-since-migration effects by arrival cohort. The estimates from the more general model provide little evidence of higher receipt of these benefits, ceteris paribus, for more recent cohorts or that immigrants assimilate toward greater receipt of these benefits.UNEMPLOYMENT ; PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ; IMMIGRANTS

Self Management and Telehealth: Lessons Learnt from the Evaluation of a Dorset Telehealth Program

Dorset Clinical Commissioning Group

Earnings and Employment Probabilities of Men by Education and Birth Cohort, 1982–96: Evidence for the United States, Canada, and Australia

In this paper, we analyse the earnings and employment probabilities of men by education level, birth cohort and age in the United States, Canada and Australia using a series of cross-sectional surveys for each country spanning the years 1982 through 1996. For all three countries, more recent birth cohorts of less-skilled men have experienced worse labour market outcomes than men from the same skill group but of earlier birth cohorts, ceteris paribus. In the United States, the deteriorating labour market outcomes appear as lower earnings but not lower employment probabilities. In Canada and Australia, the less skilled men from more recent birth cohorts experience lower employment probabilities and lower earnings, with the magnitude of the earnings decline by cohort being smaller than was the case for the U.S. This is consistent with the hypothesis that labour market institutions in Australia and Canada have prevented wage levels from declining sufficiently to avoid the need for reductions in employment probabilities. In the United States, wage flexibility may have removed the need for reductions in employment probabilities

Immigrant category of admission and the earnings of adults and children: how far does the apple fall?

Immigrants in many Western countries have experienced poor economic outcomes. This has led to a lack of integration of child immigrants (the 1.5 generation) and the second generation in some countries. However, in Canada, child immigrants and the second generation have on average integrated very well economically. We examine the importance of Canada’s admission classes to determine if there is an earnings benefit of the selection under the economic classes to (1) the Adult Arrival immigrants and (2) the Child Arrival immigrants (1.5 generation) once old enough to enter the labour market. We employ unique administrative data on landing records matched with subsequent income tax records that also allows for the linking of the records of Adult Arrival parents and their Child Arrival children. We find, relative to the Family Class, the Adult Arrivals in the Skilled Worker category have earnings that are 29% higher for men and 38% higher for women. These differences persist even after controlling for detailed personal characteristics such as education and language fluency at 21% for men and 27% for women. Child Arrival immigrants landing in the Skilled Worker Class have earnings advantages (as adults) over their Family Class counterparts of 17% for men and 21% for women. These Child Arrival Skilled Worker advantages remain at 9% for men and 14% for women after controlling for child characteristics, the Principal Appl

Wage returns to mid-career investments in job training through employer supported course enrollment: evidence for Canada

Using longitudinal data for Canada, we analyze the incidence and wage returns to employer supported course enrollment for men and women. Availability of confidential data, along with a relatively rich set of observable covariates, lead us to the estimation of difference-in-differences matching models of the effect of employer supported course enrolment on wages. The estimated average treatment effects on the treated range from 5.5 to 7.2 percent for men and 7.1 to 9.0 for women. While high-skilled workers show disproportionately higher rates of participation in employer-supported training, we observe no wage premiums for these types of workers. Statistically significant positive wage returns are found, on the other hand, for low-skilled workers. JEL codes: C14, I20, J24, J31, M5

Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)

Internal sources: • Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, UK • Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Canada (Salary support for Julia Worswick) • Centre of Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, UK External sources: • JMG holds a Tier 1 Canadian Research Chair in Knowledge Transfer and Uptake, Canada • MCW was funded by a Health Foundation Improvement Science Fellowship and the University of Strathclyde, UK • The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist ODice, Scottish Executive Health Department, UK • The Health Economic Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist ODice, Scottish Executive Health Department, UKPeer reviewedPublisher PD

The Rx for Change database: a first-in-class tool for optimal prescribing and medicines use

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Globally, suboptimal prescribing practices and medication errors are common. Guidance to health professionals and consumers alone is not sufficient to optimise behaviours, therefore strategies to promote evidence-based decision making and practice, such as decision support tools or reminders, are important. The literature in this area is growing, but is of variable quality and dispersed across sources, which makes it difficult to identify, access, and assess. To overcome these problems, by synthesizing and evaluating the data from systematic reviews, we have developed <it>Rx for Change </it>to provide a comprehensive, online database of the evidence for strategies to improve drug prescribing and use.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We use reliable and valid methods to search and screen the literature, and to appraise and analyse the evidence from relevant systematic reviews. We then present the findings in an online format which allows users to easily access pertinent information related to prescribing and medicines use. The database is a result of the collaboration between the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) and two Cochrane review groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To capture the body of evidence on interventions to improve prescribing and medicines use, we conduct comprehensive and regular searches in multiple databases, and hand-searches of relevant journals. We screen articles to identify relevant systematic reviews, and include them if they are of moderate or high methodological quality. Two researchers screen, assess quality, and extract data on demographic details, intervention characteristics, and outcome data. We report the results of our analysis of each systematic review using a standardised quantitative and qualitative format. <it>Rx for Change </it>currently contains over 200 summarised reviews, structured in a multi-level format. The reviews included in the database are diverse, covering various settings, conditions, or diseases and targeting a range of professional and consumer behaviors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>Rx for Change </it>is a novel database that synthesizes current research evidence about the effects of interventions to improve drug prescribing practices and medicines use.</p