ANTIMALARIAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL BIOACTIVITY OF LANGSAT (Lansium minahasae L.) BARK EXTRACT

This research is focused to obtain the data of the phytochemical compounds class that is contained in langsatbark, obtain the data of malaria antiparasite activity of langsat bark extract in vitro, and obtain the data of langsatbark extract antibacterial activity. The plant sample is obtained from Minahasa and Southeast Minahasa. Bothwet and dry langsat bark extraction is conducted using maseration method. Phytochemical analysis usesHarborne and UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. The antimalarial activity analysis is conduted in vitro on P.falciparum culture, whereas the antibacterial activity uses diffusion method. The research result shows that dryLangsat bark extracts (KBLK) that are from Minahasa (KBLKMI) and Southeast Minahasa (KBLKMT) have %highest extract yield, compared with the wet Langsat bark extract (KBLB). The highest extract yield KLBKMTpercentage is 5.78% and the lowest is n-butanol:water fraction, that is 0,663%. The thouroughly detectedcontents of phytochemical classes (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, anthocyaninand quinone) is found on the KLBK extract. The highest intencity is found on KLBKMT. The strongestantimalarial activity in the 1000 erythrocyte that is infected by plasmodium, stated with LC50, is found onKLBKMT extract, i.e. 57056,1 ?g/ml and the weakest is KLBBMT extract, i.e. 80813,8 ?g/ml. The strongestantibacterial activity is stated with the diameter of formed inhibition zone is KLBKMT extract, that its average is12.5 mm in all experiment isolates.Keywords: bark, Lansium minahasae L., antimalarial, antibacteria

ANTIFUNGI PENGHAMBAT Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense YANG DISINTESIS OLEH FUNGI ENDOFIT = Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense INHIBITING ANTIFUNGI SYNTHESIZED BY ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI

Endophytic microbial diversity of plants in Lombok, West of Nusa Tenggara and Taman Kyai Langgeng, Magelang, Central Jawa were studied for producing antifungal compounds and controlling of pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. The scopes of research were isolation, selection of endophytic fungi, bioassay for inhibition test, and detection of the antifungal compounds using chromatography technique. Sixty one strains of fungi were isolated from trunks and twigs of tissue plant, and were tested on their ability to produce antifungal compounds on specific media, namely the F-4, PDY (potato dextrose and yeast extract) and GY (glucose and yeast extract) media. The results showed that 19 isolates were able to inhibit F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense with diameter of inhitory zone were ranged from 12 to 21 mm. Two isolates of LEN-1 and BLW-2 had diameter of inhitory zone close to 20 mm and the best medium for producing antifungal compounds was F-4. These strains were isolated from the twigs of Euphoria longana (Kelengkengind) and Averhoa bilimbi (Belimbing wuluhInd). Preliminary characterization of antifungal compounds of LEN-1 and KBM-5 isolates using paper chromatography technique under water saturated acetic acid developer, showed the Rf : 0.39. Under the butanol : acetic acid : water (3:1 :1) developer they have Rf value 0.38. These compounds indicate good prospects for application in the agricultural field as biological control agent. Key words : Antifungi, Fusarium axysporum f.sp. cubense, Endophytic fungi

THE QUALITY OF PHYSIC NUT(Jatropha curcas L.) SEEDS PACKED IN PLASTIC MATERIAL DURING STORAGE

The effect of storage duration on fungal population, moisture content, lipid and free fatty acid contents, lipase activity, viability and vigor of physic nut seeds was investigated. Physic nut seeds with initial moisture content of 7.9% were stored in plastic bags under warehouse conditions. Samples of physic nut were collected before storage, and subsequently after one to six months of storage. The results showed that the moisture contents increased after one month of storage, and became relatively constant up to six months of storage. The range of moisture contents (7.9 – 8.4%) was safe for storage of physic nut seeds. Sixteen fungal species were isolated from physic nut seeds during six months of storage. Fungal population decreased with the increase of storage duration. At the beginning of storage, most of the fungi that infected the seeds were classified as field fungi, such as Colletotrichum sp., Cladosporium spp., and Fusarium spp.. Their populations decreased with the increase of storage duration. After three months of storage, the existence of field fungi was generally replaced by storage fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp. dominate the population. Lipid contents, viabilities and vigors decreased with the increase of storage duration, while free fatty acids and lipase activities increased. Under uncontrolled condi­tions, physic nut seeds packed in plastic material can be stored up to one month for seeds to be planted, while it can be stored up to five months for producing oil