Launch vehicle effluent measurements during the May 12, 1977, Titan 3 launch at Air Force Eastern Test Range

Airborne effluent measurements and cloud physical behavior for the May 21, 1977, Titan 3 launch from the Air Force Eastern Test Range, Fla. are presented. The monitoring program included airborne effluent measurements in situ in the launch cloud, visible and infrared photography of cloud growth and physical behavior, and limited surface collection of rain samples. Airborne effluent measurements included concentrations of HCl, NO, NOx, and aerosols as a function of time in the exhaust cloud. For the first time in situ particulate mass concentration and aerosol number density were measured as a function of time and size in the size range of 0.05 to 25 micro meters diameter. Measurement results were similar to those of earlier launch monitorings. Maximum HCl and NOx concentrations ranged from 10 ppm and 500 ppb, respectively, several minutes after launch to about 1 ppm and 100 ppb at 45 minutes after launch

Airborne measurements of launch vehicle effluent: Launch of Space Shuttle (STS-1) on 12 April 1981

Launch vehicle effluent environmental impact activities from the first space shuttle (STS-1) included airborne measurements within the exhaust cloud from about 9 min after launch (T + 9) to T + 120 min. Measurements included total hydrogen chloride (gaseous plus aqueous) concentrations, particulate concentrations, temperature, and dewpoint temperature. The airborne measurements are summarized. The physical growth and behavior of exhaust clouds is presented as well as the results of laboratory analysis of elemental composition of particulate samples collected by the aircraft. Observed results from the STS-1 launch are compared with earlier Titan III results. Shuttle effluent concentrations are found to be within the range of Titan III observations

Influence of the Community Economic Base on Off-Farm Employment

Current research indicates the prevalence of off-farm employment among United States farm families creates an important linkage between farm and nonfarm sectors of the economy. The contention is that the nonfarm sector contributes through this medium to the economic viability of the farm sector. Despite the relevance of this linkage, few attempts have been made to further specify its nature. This study examines the extent and source (by industry) of off-farm employment in Texas nonmetropolitan counties, classified by their economic base. Data are from the 1980 Census of Population and the classification of nonmetro counties developed by ERS, USDA. The analysis explores differentials in the strength and nature of this farm-nonfarm economic linkage in nonmetro economies dominated by different basic industries. Particular attention is paid to counties with agricultural economic bases

Extracting Imperative Programs from Proofs: In-place Quicksort

The process of program extraction is primarily associated with functional programs with less focus on imperative program extraction. In this paper we consider a standard problem for imperative programming: In-place Quicksort. We formalize a proof that every array of natural numbers can be sorted and apply a realizability interpretation to extract a program from the proof. Using monads we are able to exhibit the inherent imperative nature of the extracted program. We see this as a first step towards an automated extraction of imperative programs. The case study is carried out in the interactive proof assistant Minlog

Discriminative Topological Features Reveal Biological Network Mechanisms

Recent genomic and bioinformatic advances have motivated the development of numerous random network models purporting to describe graphs of biological, technological, and sociological origin. The success of a model has been evaluated by how well it reproduces a few key features of the real-world data, such as degree distributions, mean geodesic lengths, and clustering coefficients. Often pairs of models can reproduce these features with indistinguishable fidelity despite being generated by vastly different mechanisms. In such cases, these few target features are insufficient to distinguish which of the different models best describes real world networks of interest; moreover, it is not clear a priori that any of the presently-existing algorithms for network generation offers a predictive description of the networks inspiring them. To derive discriminative classifiers, we construct a mapping from the set of all graphs to a high-dimensional (in principle infinite-dimensional) ``word space.'' This map defines an input space for classification schemes which allow us for the first time to state unambiguously which models are most descriptive of the networks they purport to describe. Our training sets include networks generated from 17 models either drawn from the literature or introduced in this work, source code for which is freely available. We anticipate that this new approach to network analysis will be of broad impact to a number of communities.Comment: supplemental website: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/applied/wiggins/netclass

Effluent sampling of Scout D and Delta launch vehicle exhausts

Characterization of engine-exhaust effluents (hydrogen chloride, aluminum oxide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide) has been attempted by conducting field experiments monitoring the exhaust cloud from a Scout-Algol III vehicle launch and a Delta-Thor vehicle launch. The exhaust cloud particulate size number distribution (total number of particles as a function of particle diameter), mass loading, morphology, and elemental composition have been determined within limitations. The gaseous species in the exhaust cloud have been identified. In addition to the ground-based measurements, instrumented aircraft flights through the low-altitude, stabilized-exhaust cloud provided measurements which identified CO and HCI gases and Al2O3 particles. Measurements of the initial exhaust cloud during formation and downwind at several distances have established sampling techniques which will be used for experimental verification of model predictions of effluent dispersion and fallout from exhaust clouds

Conjoint Analysis of Breaded Catfish Nuggets: Consumer Preferences for Price, Product Color, Cooking Method and Country of Origin

A new product, marinated, breaded catfish nuggets, was developed. This conjoint study was designed to evaluate consumers’ preferences for certain attributes of the nuggets. An in-store survey was conducted to collect data. The data collected will be used to determine the market potential for the catfish nuggets.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,