2 research outputs found

    Review of the Literature on Parental Efficacy and Child Nutrition, Activity, and Weight

    Get PDF
    Objective: Concern over childhood obesity has driven research to focus on prevention and intervention strategies to curb the epidemic. Parental factors like efficacy have gained attention as this concept is grounded in behavioral change research. Studies have linked efficacy to improved child health behaviors like eating a more nutritious diet and engaging increased physical activity. This leads to a need to examine parental efficacy literature to examine its relationship to childhood obesity. Methods: Six databases including the Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, CINAHL, PubMed, Psychinfo, EBSCOhost, and Onesearch were searched for original research studies examining parental efficacy and child health measures like diet, activity, or weight.Results: Only 16 articles were found that met criteria. This limited research did showcase that higher parental efficacy levels are linked to positive effects, especially regarding improved child diet. There is also evidence of an inverse relationship between higher efficacy and lower child weights and higher efficacy and improved child activity levels, though this was not uniformly found. This review also showcased significant variance in how efficacy is measured and how it is used within studies. Conclusion: Connections between parental efficacy and child healthy behaviors has been established in multiple studies. However, this remains an under-examined area that needs further study to understand how it can be used to improve interventions

    Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study

    Get PDF
    Objectives Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis. Setting Prospective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study. Participants Patients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative). Primary outcome 30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality. Results This study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787). Conclusions Patients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups. Trial registration number NCT0432364
    corecore