Appraisal of junior college business education from an economic viewpoint

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Profile of ipilimumab and its role in the treatment of metastatic melanoma

Melanoma is an immunogenic cancer. However, the ability of the immune system to eradicate melanoma tumors is affected by intrinsic negative regulatory mechanisms. Multiple immune-modulatory therapies are currently being developed to optimize the immune response to melanoma tumors. Two recent Phase III studies using the monoclonal antibody ipilimumab, which targets the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4), a negative regulator of T-cell activation, have demonstrated improvement in overall survival of metastatic melanoma patients. This review highlights the clinical trial data that supports the efficacy of ipilimumab, the immune-related response criteria used to evaluate clinical response, and side-effect profile associated with ipilimumab treatment

Fractal applications to soil hydraulic properties

Online access for this thesis was created in part with support from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) administered by the Nevada State Library, Archives and Public Records through the Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA). To obtain a high quality image or document please contact the DeLaMare Library at https://unr.libanswers.com/ or call: 775-784-6945.Three manuscripts are presented describing the application of fractal mathematics to soil hydraulic properties. The results indicate that the pore space of many field soils can best be represented by a self-similar or fractal geometry. The solid phase of the soil, i.e. the soil grains, is less amenable to fractal scaling and only a narrow range of typically encountered field soils are likely to be well described by fractal geometry. In the first manuscript, a simple self-similar model, the Sierpinski carpet is used to represent the pore number and pore size distribution of typical field soils. The soil water retention function is theoretically developed and shown to be equivalent to the power law empirical model for retention developed by Brooks and Corey (1964) and Campbell (1974). These results are extended to data reported on field soils and a relation between the fractal dimension and soil texture is presented. The results indicate an increasing fractal dimension with finer soil texture. In the second manuscript, fractal scaling arguments are used to develop a theoretical basis for Arya and Paris’ (1981) curve fitting coefficient, Oi. This term is shown to be equivalent to the fractal dimension of the pore trace and is consistent with the ideas of a scale-dependent tortuosity (Wheatcraft and Tyler, 1988). To estimate the fractal dimension, the fractal scaling often seen in particle size distributions (PSD), is utilized as a surrogate measure of the pore space fractal dimension. Ten soils were analyzed for fractal behavior, five reported by Arya and Paris (1981) and five reported by Mualem (1976). Of these ten soils, nine clearly showed fractal scaling in their particle number verses size. Good agreement between measured and predicted water retention was observed in nine out of the ten soils when the fractal dimension of the pore trace was estimated from the particle size distribution. The third manuscript examines, in detail, the concepts of self-similarity in particle size distributions. It is shown that self-similarity in grain number verses grain size may be limited to a narrow range of typically encountered field soils. Theoretical results show that the fractal dimension for PSDs must range between 0.0 and 3.0, with typical soils ranging from 2 to 3. The analysis suggests that most soils do not behave as fractal porous media, rather only the void space (porosity) of the soil displays fractal behavior. This conclusion suggests that fractal will play an important role in the estimation of hydraulic and transport properties of soils

Axial length changes during accommodation in myopes and emmetropes

Purpose: To investigate the influence of accommodation upon axial length (and a comprehensive range of ocular biometric parameters), in populations of young adult myopic and emmetropic subjects. Methods: Forty young adult subjects had ocular biometry measured utilizing a non-contact optical biometer (Lenstar LS 900) based upon the principle of optical low coherence reflectometry, under three different accommodation demands (0 D, 3 D and 6 D). Subjects were classified as emmetropes (n=19) or myopes (n=21) based upon their spherical equivalent refraction (mean emmetropic refraction -0.05 ± 0.27DS and mean myopic refraction -1.82 ± 0.84 DS). Results: Axial length changed significantly with accommodation, with a mean increase of 11.9 ± 12.3 µm and 24.1 ± 22.7 µm for the 3 D and 6 D accommodation stimuli respectively. A significant axial elongation associated with accommodation was still evident even following correction of the axial length data for potential error due to lens thickness change. The mean ‘corrected’ increase in axial length was 5.2 ± 11.2 µm, and 7.4 ± 18.9 µm for the 3 D and 6 D stimuli respectively. There was no significant difference between the myopic and emmetropic populations in terms of the magnitude of change in axial length with accommodation, regardless of whether the data were corrected or not. A number of other ocular biometric parameters, such as anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and vitreous chamber depth also exhibited significant change with accommodation. The myopic and emmetropic populations also exhibited no significant difference in the magnitude of change in these parameters with accommodation. Conclusions: The eye undergoes a significant axial elongation associated with a brief period of accommodation, and the magnitude of this change in eye length increases for larger accommodation demands, however there is no significant difference in the magnitude of eye elongation in myopic and emmetropic subjects

Molt Migration of Scoters at Cape Peirce, Alaska

There is presently little specific information on the molt migrations of scoters in the Nearctic. We conducted migration watches from 21 June to 31 July 1984 (total of 96 h) and from 5 to 15 July 1985 (total of 36 h) during daylight hours to estimate abundance and species composition of scoters engaged in a molt migration at Cape Peirce, southeast Bering Sea, Alaska. We counted 22,897 scoters moving west past the observation site in 1984, the year in which we probably made observations over most of the migration period. Allowing for daylight hours without watches, an estimated 66,500 scoters passed in 1984. Peak passage occurred on 11 July in both years. Species composition of migrants in 1984 was approximately 77% white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca), 12% surf scoters (M. perspicillata), and 11% black scoters (M. nigra). Most of the migrants were adult males, probably migrating from breeding grounds in Interior Alaska. Our findings suggest that a large and presently undescribed molting area of white-winged scoters exists somewhere in the waters of western Alaska or eastern Siberia.Key words: scoters, seaducks, molt migration, Cape Peirce, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, Bering Sea, AlaskaMots clés: macreuses, canards de mer, migration d’oiseaux ayant effectué la mue, Cape Peirce, Togiak National Wildlife Refuge, mer de Béring, Alask

UC-263 IT4983 Cybersecurity Capstone

For the Cybersecurity capstone project, our team was given a webserver and website for the company Akwaaba. We were tasked to fix all vulnerabilities, keep the server up to date, and help maintain the site with uptime being the priority. After the first two milestones were complete, we were to attempt to hack another team’s server while they attempted to do the same to us. When the attack phase began on Wednesday 10/26, our team discovered the other team had not changed any of their original passwords, so we took control within thirty minutes and took it down soon after. As of 10/30, their site is still down while we haven’t noticed any issues with our own. The attack phase has two weeks to go (ending on 11/14), so our group is actively monitoring both servers. Should the other team recover their server, we will make attempts to get back in and shut it down again. In the meantime, we have full confidence in our own server and do not anticipate any downtime

Transgenic maize endosperm containing a milk protein has improved amino acid balance

In order to meet the protein nutrition needs of the world population, greater reliance on plant protein sources will become necessary. The amino acid balance of most plant protein sources does not match the nutritional requirements of monogastric animals, limiting their nutritional value. In cereals, the essential amino acid lysine is deficient. Maize is a major component of human and animal diets worldwide and especially where sources of plant protein are in critical need such as sub-Saharan Africa. To improve the amino acid balance of maize, we developed transgenic maize lines that produce the milk protein α-lactalbumin in the endosperm. Lines in which the transgene was inherited as a single dominant genetic locus were identified. Sibling kernels with or without the transgene were compared to determine the effect of the transgene on kernel traits in lines selected for their high content of α-lactalbumin. Total protein content in endosperm from transgene positive kernels was not significantly different from total protein content in endosperm from transgene negative kernels in three out of four comparisons, whereas the lysine content of the lines examined was 29–47% greater in endosperm from transgene positive kernels. The content of some other amino acids was changed to a lesser extent. Taken together, these changes resulted in the transgenic endosperms having an improved amino acid balance relative to non-transgenic endosperms produced on the same ear. Kernel appearance, weight, density and zein content did not exhibit substantial differences in kernels expressing the transgene when compared to non-expressing siblings. Assessment of the antigenicity and impacts on animal health will be required in order to determine the overall value of this technology

Expression and inheritance of the wheat Glu-1DX5 gene in transgenic maize

We have produced transgenic maize plants containing a wheat Glu-1Dx5 gene encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Dx5. Analysis by SDS-PAGE showed that a protein similar in size to the wheat 1Dx5 subunit accumulates in the endosperm of transgenic maize from four independent transformation events. This protein reacts with a monoclonal antibody specific to the wheat 1Dx5 subunit and was not detected in nontransgenic controls or in pollen, anthers, leaves or embryos of plants grown from seeds expressing this protein in endosperm. Genomic Southern-blot analysis is consistent with results from SDS-PAGE and indicates that the transgene integration sites are complex and are different in the four events studied. Using the presence of this protein as a phenotypic marker, we studied the inheritance of this gene through three sexual generations. Reciprocal crosses with nontransgenic plants and self-pollinations were performed, and the resulting kernels were analyzed for the presence of the 1Dx5 subunit. These data, together with PCR analysis for the transgene, suggest that the transgene is inefficiently transmitted through pollen in all four events

Low prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in incident gastric adenocarcinomas from the United Kingdom

Epstein–Barr virus has been associated with a proportion of typical gastric adenocarcinomas. Here we report that the prevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in gastric adenocarcinomas from the United Kingdom is one of the lowest in the World. Gastric adenocarcinoma is another tumour whose association with Epstein–Barr virus varies with the population studied