A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea

A new subterranean species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis sp. n. is described from the interstitial waters in Daejeon, Korea. Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis sp. n. is distinguished from three morphologically similar congeners, P. coreanus Uéno, 1966, P. febras Sidorov, 2009, and P. gudariensis Tomikawa & Sato, 2016, by the characteristics of antenna 1, antenna 2, mandible, gnathopod 2, pleopods, uropods 1–2, and telson. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed that P. daejeonensis is a sister species of the unnamed Pseudocrangonyx sp. 3 inhabiting central Japan

Origin of Difference in the Reactivity of Aliphatic and Aromatic Guanidine-containing Pharmaceuticals Toward [18F]Fluorination: Coulombic Forces and Hydrogen Bonding

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151351/1/bkcs11842.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151351/2/bkcs11842_am.pd

Synergetic strengthening of layered steel sheet investigated using an in situ neutron diffraction tensile test

Synergetic strengthening induced by plastic strain incompatibility at the interface, and the resulting extra geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) generated during plastic deformation, were investigated to understand the origin of extra strength in heterogeneous structured (HS) materials. The mechanism of extra GND generation in twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP)-interstitial free (IF) steel layered sheet was quantitatively analyzed by conducting in situ neutron scattering tensile test. Load partitioning due to the different mechanical properties between the TWIP-steel core and IF-steel sheath at the TWIP/IF interface was observed during the in situ tensile testing. Because of the plastic strain incompatibility from load partitioning, extra GNDs are generated and saturate during tensile deformation. The extra GNDs can be correlated with the back-stress evolution of the HS materials, which contributes to the strength of layered materials. Because of the back-stress evolution caused by load partitioning, the strength of TWIP-IF layered steel is higher than the strength estimated by the rule-of-mixtures. This finding offers a mechanism by which extra GNDs are generated during load partitioning and shows how they contribute to the mechanical properties of HS materials.11Ysciescopu

Abnormal spatial heterogeneity governing the charge-carrier mechanism in efficient Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite solar cells

Layered Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite (RPP) photovoltaics have gained substantial attention owing to their excellent air stability. However, their photovoltaic performance is still limited by the unclear real-time charge-carrier mechanism of operating devices. Herein, we report the correlation between the charge-carrier mechanism and the spatially heterogeneous RPP bulks induced by distinct sublattice cations in the state-of-the-art antisolvent-driven RPP devices. In particular, abnormal heterogeneities ranging from the lateral long-range to local sub-grain scale and corresponding charge-carrier behaviours are visualized for triple-cation RPPs. We discovered that such heterogeneities with a unitary 2D/3D hybrid suppress lattice vibrations and reduce Frohlich interactions by about 2 times, significantly promoting charge-carrier dynamics. Consequently, optimized triple-cation RPP solar cells greatly outperform their mono-cation counterparts. Furthermore, this principle can be applicable irrespective of 2D layer thickness (n > 2) and substrate type. This work provides a rationale for leveraging a disordered structure to stimulate charge-carrier motion and suggests the design principle of low-dimensional perovskites.

Effect of rutin from tartary buckwheat sprout on serum glucose-lowering in animal model of type 2 diabetes

This study investigates the anti-diabetic effects of rutin from tartary buckwheat sprout in type 2 diabetes mouse model. The rutin content in tartary buckwheat sprout (TBS) is five times higher than that found in common buckwheat sprout (CBS) as evident from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Administration of either rutin or TBS ethanolic extract to diabetes mice decreased the serum glucose level significantly. Rutin down-regulated the expression levels of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B; negative regulator of insulin pathway, both transcriptionally and translationally in myocyte C2C12 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, rutin can play a critical role in down-regulation of serum glucose level in type 2 diabetes