Prarencana pabrik methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) dari levulinic acid (LA) kapasitas produksi : 60.904,404 ton/tahun

MTHF merupakan produk yang dapat digunakan untuk campuran bahan bakar yang dapat diperbaharui. Produk ini belum diproduksi di dalam negeri sehingga memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk dikembangkan Proses pembuatan MTHF dari LA ini adalah dengan menggunakan proses hidrogenasi dimana LA dan hidrogen akan direaksikan pada reaktor hidrogenasi pada suhu 221oC dan tekanan 100 bar dengan bantuan katalis Pd-Re/C. Setelah itu, produk yang dihasilkan dialirkan menuju dekanter untuk memisahkan sebagian besar MTHF. Hal ini dilakukan sebelum dilakukan pemurnian MTHF di kolom distilasi sehingga dapat dihasilkan MTHF dengan kemurnian yang tinggi yaitu 99%. Selain itu, pada proses hidrogenasi, dihasilkan produk samping berupa GVL dan pentanol yang cukup banyak sehingga dilakukan proses pemurnian menggunakan kolom distilasi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemurnian GVL dan pentanol yang masih memiliki nilai jual cukup tinggi di pasaran. Ringkasan penjelasan Pabrik methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) dari levulinic acid (LA) dengan kapasitas produksi 60.904,404 ton/tahun adalah sebagai berikut: Bentuk Perusahaan : Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Kapasitas produksi : 60.904,404 ton MTHF / tahun Hari Kerja Efektif : 330 hari/tahun Sistem Operasi : Kontinyu Masa Konstruksi : 2 Tahun Waktu mulai beroperasi : Tahun 2017 Bahan Baku : 101.243.340 kg levulinic acid / tahun Produk • MTHF : 60.904.404 kg/tahun • GVL : 7.745.760 kg/tahun • Pentanol : 6.934.276 kg/tahun Utilitas • Air Pendingin : 10.416.35 m3/hari • Air Sanitasi : 8,78 m3/hari • Listrik terpasang : 438,49 kW • Industrial Diesel Oil : 4,28 m3/tahun • Natural Gas : 16.731.709 m3/tahun Jumlah tenaga kerja : 166 orang Lokasi Pabrik : Jalan Bojonegara, Pulo Ampel, Serang, Banten Luas Pabrik : 27.125 m2 Dari hasil analisa ekonomi yang telah dilakukan didapatkan: • Rate of Return Investment (ROR) sebelum pajak : 19,37 % • Rate of Return Investment (ROR) setelah pajak : 13,82% • Rate of Equity (ROE) sebelum pajak : 32,07% • Rate of Equity (ROE) setelah pajak : 19,05% • Pay Out Time (POT) sebelum pajak : 5 tahun 11 hari • Pay Out Time (POT) setelah pajak : 5 tahun 11 bulan 20 hari • Break Even Point (BEP) : 46,75

Carbon microsphere from water hyacinth for supercapacitor electrode

In this study, water hyacinth was hydrolyzed to sugars with dilute sulphuric acid (0.25 M) under subcritical water conditions (P = 20 bar, T = 130 8C) for 2 h. The sugar solution was then carbonized under subcritical conditions to produce carbon microsphere. The subcritical water carbonization was conducted at 40 bar and various temperatures (160–200 8C) and times (6–10 h). The highest yield of carbon microspheres was 0.1019 g/g dry water hyacinth at the temperature of 200 8C for 10 h. The carbon microsphere was activated using a combination of chemical (KOH solution) and physical (microwave) treatments to increase the specific surface area and porosity of carbon microsphere. Electrocapacitive study of carbon microspheres showed that the carbon microsphere activated at impregnation ratio of 1:1 and microwave power of 630 W has the highest specific capacitance and excellent electrochemical stability

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Fluorescent Probes Targeting the 18 kDa Translocator Protein

A series of fluorescent probes from the 6-chloro-2-phenylimidazo[1,2- a ]pyridine-3-yl acetamides ligands featuring the 7-nitro-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) moiety were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their fluorescence properties and for their binding affinity to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO). Spectroscopic studies including UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence measurements showed that the synthesized fluorescent probes exhibit favorable spectroscopic properties, especially in non-polar environments . In vitro fluorescence staining in the brain sections from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected mice revealed partial colocalization of probes with the TSPO. The TSPO binding affinity of probes was measured on crude mitochondrial fractions separated from rat brain homogenates using [ 11 C]PK11195 radioligand binding assay. All the new fluorescent probes demonstrated moderate to high binding affinity to the TSPO, with affinity ( K i ) values ranging from 0.58 nM to 3.28 µM. Taking these data together, we propose that the new fluorescent probes could be used to visualize the TSPO.Keywords: TSPO; fluorescent probes; imaging; neurodegenerative diseases

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 1,2,3-triazole, amide, and ester-based benzothiazole derivatives as potential molecular probes for tau protein

The pyridinyl-butadienyl-benzothiazole (PBB3 15) scaffold was used to develop tau ligands with improved in vitro and in vivo properties for imaging applications to provide insights into the etiology and characteristics of Alzheimer\u27s disease. The photoisomerisable trans-butadiene bridge of PBB3 was replaced with 1,2,3-triazole, amide, and ester moieties and in vitro fluorescence staining studies revealed that triazole derivatives showed good visualisation of Aβ plaques, but failed to detect the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in human brain sections. However, NFTs could be observed using the amide 110 and ester 129. Furthermore, the ligands showed low to high affinities (Ki = \u3e1.5 mM-0.46 nM) at the shared binding site(s) with PBB3

Impact of centralized diagnostic review on quality of initial staging in Hodgkin lymphoma: experience of the German Hodgkin Study Group

Accurate clinical staging is crucial for adequate risk-adapted treatment in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) to prevent patients from under- or over-treatment. Within the latest German Hodgkin Study Group trial generation, diagnostic findings such as histopathology, computerized tomography imaging and clinical risk factors were re-evaluated by expert panels. Here, we retrospectively analysed 5965 patients and identified 399 in who major discordant findings changed their first-line treatment allocation. Histopathology review did not confirm the initial diagnosis of HL in 87 patients. Treatment allocation was revised in 312 of the remaining 5878 patients: 176 were assigned to a higher and 128 to a lower risk group, respectively; the correct treatment group remained unclear in 8 patients. Cases of revised treatment allocation accounted for 9.8%, 6.0%, 0.8%, and 14.8% of patients initially assigned to the HD13, HD14, HD15 trials and stage IA lymphocyte-predominant HL project, respectively. Most revisions were due to wrong application of clinical stage (20.5% of 312 patients with revised treatment group), histological subtype (9.0%) or the risk factors 3 involved areas (46.8%) or large mediastinal mass (9.3%). In conclusion, centralized review by experienced experts changed risk-adapted first-line treatment in a relevant proportion of HL patients. Quality control measures clearly improve the accuracy of treatment and should be implemented in clinical practice