Impact of Asian continental outflow on the concentrations of O3, CO, NMHCs and halocarbons on Jeju Island, South Korea during March 2005

As part of ABC-EAREX2005 experiment, numerous trace gases were measured at Gosan on Jeju Island, South Korea in March 2005 to characterize the impact of recent outflow from the Asian continent and to inter-compare measurement techniques used by participating groups. Here we present measurements of O3, CO, and whole air samples of methane, C2-C8 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and C1-C2 halocarbons obtained during the study. The large temporal variations in the measured trace gas concentrations at Gosan were due to the transport of background marine air and of regional pollution mainly from the Chinese subcontinent. Average mixing ratios (± s.d.) were 54.6 (± 9.0) ppbv and 283 (± 100) ppbv for O3 and CO, respectively. CO showed good correlations (r2 = 0.62-0.81) with combustion tracers such as ethyne and benzene but poorly correlated (r2 = 0.11-0.29) with light alkanes, suggesting that the latter were contributed by non-combustion source(s). Back trajectory analysis showed that air masses mainly originated from the North China Plains and northeastern China, which together accounted for 64% of the total trajectories. The highest mean mixing ratios of O3 and combustion-derived species were found in air masses from eastern China and Korea, indicating the significant impact of emissions from these regions. Interestingly, air masses from northeast China contained elevated levels of light alkanes and the smallest ratios of ethyne/propane and benzene/propane among the air-mass groups, suggesting contribution from natural gas leakage in the upwind region, possibly from Siberia. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Generations Apart: Xers and Boomers in the Officer Corps

The author addresses the junior officer attrition problem by identifying and discussing the disparity between senior and junior officers in terms of generational differences. Officers from the Baby Boom Generation think and perceive things differently than officers from Generation X. Using empirical evidence to support the generational differences literature, the author points out that Generation X officers are more confident in their abilities, perceive loyalty differently, want more balance between work and family, and are not intimidated by rank. Additionally, while pay is important to Generation X officers, it alone will not keep junior officers from leaving. The solutions presented in the monograph range from strategic policies changing the Army as an organization to operational leadership actions affecting the face-to-face interaction between senior and junior officers.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1841/thumbnail.jp

Stifled Innovation? Developing Tomorrow\u27s Leaders Today

The author examines the current company commander experience and concludes that the Army values innovation in its rhetoric, but the reality is that junior officers are seldom given opportunities to be innovative in planning training; to make decisions; or to fail, learn, and try again. If the transformed Army will require leaders who can operate independently in the absence of close supervision, the current leader development experience of company command will have to change. Consequently, the author asks for senior leaders not to do more, but to do less and thus give subordinates more freedom to innovate.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1824/thumbnail.jp

Developing Adaptive Leaders: The Crucible Experience of Operation Iraqi Freedom

The author examines the Operation IRAQI FREEDOM environment and concludes that the complexity, unpredictability, and ambiguity of postwar Iraq is producing a cohort of innovative, confident, and adaptable junior officers. They are learning to make decisions in chaotic conditions and to be mentally agile in executing counterinsurgency and nation-building operations simultaneously. As a result, the Army will soon have a cohort of company grade officers who are accustomed to operating independently, taking the initiative, and adapting to changes. The author warns that the Army must now acknowledge and encourage this newly developed adaptability in our junior officers or risk stifling the innovation critically needed in the Army\u27s future leaders.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1766/thumbnail.jp

SCHOOL PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP STYLES AND TEACHERS ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT. A RESEARCH AGENDA

This research served the intention of examining the relationship between perceptions of principal leadership styles and teachers’ organizational commitment between performing and underperforming schools as well as to identify the leaders’ gender as a moderating variable. Other influential factors including teacher age, position tenure, years of experiences, religion and educational level as suggested by previous researches are being investigated in this study to further clarify this relationship. Three domains of leadership styles namely Transformational, Transactional and Nurturant were apply. The former and later types of leadership were chosen was based on the concept of “Caring Societal” which the MOE trying to instill in our educational scenario. Teachers’ commitment was examined using questionnaires developed by Meyer and Allen’s (1997). Gender of principals is added to serve as a moderating effect on this relationship which is basically based on this pre-dominant Muslim society where the preferably leadership gender is still maleAffective (AC), Continuance (CC), Normative (NC), Transformational, Transactional, Nurturant

Lying to Ourselves: Dishonesty in the Army Profession

Untruthfulness is surprisingly common in the U.S. military even though members of the profession are loath to admit it. Further, much of the deception and dishonesty that occurs in the profession of arms is actually encouraged and sanctioned by the military institution. The end result is a profession whose members often hold and propagate a false sense of integrity that prevents the profession from addressing—or even acknowledging—the duplicity and deceit throughout the formation. It takes remarkable courage and candor for leaders to admit the gritty shortcomings and embarrassing frailties of the military as an organization in order to better the military as a profession. Such a discussion, however, is both essential and necessary for the health of the military profession.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1465/thumbnail.jp

Changing Minds In The Army: Why It Is So Difficult and What To Do About It

View the Executive SummaryHistory and organizational studies both demonstrate that changing one’s mind is quite difficult, even in the face of overwhelming evidence that this change needs to occur. This monograph explains how smart, professional, and incredibly performance-oriented Army senior leaders develop frames of reference and then oftentimes cling to their outdated frames in the face of new information. It describes the influence of individual-level concepts—personality, cognitive dissonance reduction, the hardwiring of the brain, the imprints of early career events, and senior leader intuition—along with group level factors to explain how frames of reference are established, exercised, and rewarded. It concludes by offering recommendations to senior leaders on how to structure Army leader development systems to create leaders comfortable with changing their minds when the environment dictates.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1514/thumbnail.jp

Castro\u27s Cuba: Quo Vadis?

The United States, particularly the Army, has a long history of involvement with Cuba. It has included, among others, the Spanish-American War of 1898, military interventions in 1906 and 1912, the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion, the 1962 Missile Crisis, counterinsurgency, and low intensity warfare in Latin America and Africa against Cuban supported guerrilla movements. After almost 5 decades of authoritarian one-man rule, Fidel Castro remains firmly in power. On July 31, his brother, Raul Castro, assumed provisional presidential power after an official announcement that Fidel was ill and would undergo surgery. What would be the strategic and political implications attendant to Castro’s eventual demise or incapacitation? The author suggests some possible transition or succession scenarios and examines the consequences that might follow and the role that the United States might be called to play.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1363/thumbnail.jp

Inspiring Novel Application of Technology and Self-Directed Learning in Library Makerspace

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University’s mission is to nurture next generation of critical thinkers, effective communicators, innovative problem solver, and global citizens. Opened to all students in September 2017, the i-Space of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Library is designated to ignite students’ spirit of innovation and facilitate the development of self-directed learning. The vision of the i-Space is to lower the barrier of entry of the latest technology for students of all disciplinary and inspire novel application in their disciplinary work. Students can explore different technologies, including 3D scanning, 3D printing, laser cutting, vinyl cutting, Virtual Reality, Internet of Things, video recording and editing on their own in the i-Space, or join workshops or contests of its MakerMindset@i-Space programme to nurture a creative, curious, and can-do mindset. Apart from picking up new techniques, students also develop self-directed learning competence like identifying goals, plan for decisions and arrangements arising from the goals set, identify new skills to learn and set their learning pathway, setup evaluation criteria, constructive use of comments and feedback for further improvements and so on

Native Advertising and its Effects on Online Advertising

According to Financial Times Limited 2013 the digital revolution has made many business models obsolete and advertising companies see this as a welcome change Online social networking and internal structural changes in the media market have changed how online advertising is done This change has many concurrent forms and implications and the most apparent of them might be the change in the various strategies and tactics companies are adapting in response to said changes mainly advertising online in the form of native advertising while one company is inhibiting media profitability in its current form at the same time furthering the its corporate sponsors agenda to promote and implement native advertising- or non-intrusive advertising- as the norm of online advertisin