Transparent display with diffuser-backed microtextured illuminating device and method of manufacture therefor

A substantially planar illuminating device, a visual display and a method of manufacture therefor. The illuminating device includes: (1) a light source (210) and (2) a transparent substrate (220) having a pair of substantially parallel major surfaces (230,240) and an entry point (250) for accepting light from the light source, the substrate functioning as a guide for the light, one of the pair of surfaces textured with a plurality of microelements (260) for scattering the light from the substrate, the microelements having a side wall with a side wall area, the side wall area being a function of a distance of the microelements from the entry point to enhance a uniformity of the scattering of the light over an area of the pair of surfaces.Published versio

Optical assembly including fiber attachment

An optical assembly is disclosed which utilizes a pair of separate members to support an optical device and an associated optical fiber. Fiducial features, in conjunction with an optical device conductive attachment means, are utilized to provide self-alignment between the device and the fiber. Aligned fiducials are formed on each member such that when the members are physically joined, alignment between the optical device and fiber is achieved. In particular, the members are mated such that a direct optical signal path between the device and fiber is formed.Published versio

Transparent display with diffuser backed microtextured illuminating device and method of manufacture therefor

The present invention provides a substantially planar illuminating device, a visual display having an internal light source and a method of manufacture therefor. The illuminating device includes a transparent substrate having a pair of substantially parallel major surfaces and an entry point for accepting light from the light source wherein the substrate functions as a guide for the light. The device also includes a plurality of microelements located on one of the pair of surfaces. The microelements have a substantially planar surface with an average roughness less than one micron and a side wall abnormal to the planar surface. In advantageous embodiments, the side wall is curved. The planar surface is configured to re-direct a substantial amount of light received in the substrate from an external light source out of the substrate. The side wall is configured to re-direct light from the internal light source out of the substrate.Published versio

Optical waveguide structure including reflective asymmetric cavity

A turning mirror in an optical waveguide structure is made by etching in the upper surface of the structure a cavity (18) that intercepts the path of light propagated by the waveguide (15, 16, 13). Preferably, the cavity is made to be asymmetric with the side (25) of the cavity remote from the waveguide sloping at typically a forty-five degree angle. The asymmetry can be introduced by using mask and etch techniques and treating the surface of the structure such that the etchant undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity remote from the waveguide to a greater extent than it undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity adjacent the waveguide.Published versio

Methods for making mirrors

A turning mirror in an optical waveguide structure is made by etching in the upper surface of the structure a cavity (18) that intercepts the path of light propagated by the waveguide (15, 16, 13). Preferably, the cavity is made to be asymmetric with the side (25) of the cavity remote from the waveguide sloping at typically a forty-five degree angle. The asymmetry can be introduced by using mask and etch techniques and treating the surface of the structure such that the etchant undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity remote from the waveguide to a greater extent than it undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity adjacent the waveguide.Published versio

Policing parallel trading activities and the associated public disorder in North District

Different from the economic approach predominantly adopted in many foreign studies in relation to grey market economy, this research aims at studying the rampant parallel trading activities in the North District of Hong Kong as well as the associated public disorder from criminological perspective. By applying relevant criminological theories, it serves to offer understanding and explanation of the operation of such quasi-criminal activities. Although the illegality of such activities is generally undefined in the existing laws of Hong Kong, its unique social and criminological nature, which has been rarely studied, would be subject to in-depth exploration in this research. Site observation was conducted with a view to obtaining first-hand information on the ground-level operation and social disturbance at selected timings. In-depth interviews with various stakeholders involved in the parallel trading were also conducted to seek better understanding of the couriers’ background motive and concerns, at the same time to examine the corresponding policing strategies and practices adopted by different law enforcement agencies (LEAs) such as Police, Customs and Immigration. Not only the drives and process of this kind of grey market operation will be analyzed, the unprecedented and serious social, political and public order impacts associated with the parallel trading in the North District will be investigated as well via the media content analysis, since the issues have been periodically gaining the attention of the general public. The up-to-date development, policy and some proposed implementations by the Hong Kong Government will be touched on so as to establish a more holistic overview of the parallel trading issue as a whole.published_or_final_versionCriminologyMasterMaster of Social Science

Plasma high sensitivity troponin T levels in adult survivors of childhood leukaemias: determinants and associations with cardiac function.

We sought to quantify plasma high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTnT) levels, their determinants, and their associations with left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation in adult survivors of childhood acute leukaemias.One hundred adult survivors (57 males) of childhood acute leukaemias, aged 24.1 ± 4.2 years, and 42 age-matched controls (26 males) were studied. Plasma cTnT was determined using a highly sensitive assay. Genotyping of NAD(P)H oxidase and multidrug resistance protein polymorphisms was performed. Left ventricular function was assessed by conventional, three-dimensional, and speckle tracking echocardiography. The medians (interquartile range) of hs-cTnT in male and female survivors were 4.9 (4.2 to 7.2) ng/L and 1.0 (1.0 to 3.5) ng/L, respectively. Nineteen survivors (13 males, 6 females) (19%) had elevated hs-cTnT (>95(th) centile of controls). Compared to those without elevated hs-TnT levels, these subjects had received larger cumulative anthracycline dose and were more likely to have leukaemic relapse, stem cell transplant, and cardiac irradiation. Their LV systolic and early diastolic myocardial velocities, isovolumic acceleration, and systolic longitudinal strain rate were significantly lower. Survivors having CT/TT at CYBA rs4673 had higher hs-cTnT levels than those with CC genotype. Functionally, increased hs-cTnT levels were associated with worse LV longitudinal systolic strain and systolic and diastolic strain rates.Increased hs-cTnT levels occur in a significant proportion of adult survivors of childhood acute leukaemias and are associated with larger cumulative anthracycline dose received, history of leukaemic relapse, stem cell transplant, and cardiac irradiation, genetic variants in free radical metabolism, and worse LV myocardial deformation

Comparisons of demographic factors, clinical variables, and genotypic frequencies between survivors with (group I) and without (group II) elevated hs-cTnT levels.

<p>Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.</p>*<p>statistically significant.</p

Comparisons of demographic and echocardiographic findings between survivors and control subjects.

<p>Abbreviations: A, peak mitral inflow velocity at late diastole; a, mitral annular late diastolic myocardial tissue velocity; E, peak mitral inflow velocity at early diastole; e, mitral annual early diastolic myocardial tissue velocity; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; IVA, isovolumic acceleration; LV, left ventricular; LVEDd, left ventricular end diastolic dimension; LVESd, left ventricular end systolic dimension; SR_d, early diastolic strain rate; SR_s, systolic strain rate.</p>*<p>statistically significant.</p