The use of blog to facilitate clinical learning during practicum among undergraduate nursing students: a preliminary study

Blogging has been increasingly used in the education field. This study is the first to explore the use of blogging to facilitate clinical learning for undergraduate nursing students (N=57) with surface or deep study approaches during their clinical practicum in Hong Kong. The findings indicated that blogging is useful in facilitating clinical learning as it fulfills different learning styles and needs of students by promoting information and knowledge sharing, enhancing self-reflection and providing emotional support.postprintThe 6th International Conference on Knowledge Management (ICKM 2009), Hong Kong, 3-4 December 2009. In Proceedings of ICKM, 2009, p. 1-1

Synthesis and molecular structures of monooxo aryl complexes of osmium(VI)

Reaction of [OsO4] with C7H7MgBr (C7H7 = 2-methylphenyl) followed by column chromatography afforded the reported osmium tetraaryl [Os(C7H7)4] along with the oxo-osmium(VI) ([OsO(C7H7)4]) (1) (13%) and the dioxoosmium(VI) ([OsO2(C7H7)2]) (2) (25%) complexes. Treatment of [OsO4] with C8H9MgBr (C8H9 = 2,5-dimethylphenyl) gave a mixture of [Os(C8H9)4] (3) (34%) and [OsO(C8H9)4] (4) (4%) while that with C8H9OMgBr (C8H9O = 4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl) afforded [OsO(C8H9O)4] (5) in 20% yield. Oxidation of 3 with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid afforded 4 in good yield. The solid-state structures of 1 and 4 have been established by X-ray crystallography. Crystals of 1 are tetragonal with a = 13.080(1) and c = 6.6506(5) Å, V = 1137.9(1) Å3, Z = 2, and space group of P4/n; while those of 4 are tetragonal with a = 13.593(2) and c = 7.377(2) Å, V = 1363.0(5) Å3, Z = 4, and space group of P4/n. The geometry around osmium in both complexes is square pyramidal with the oxo ligand occupying apical position. The Os - O and Os - C distances in 1 are 1.652(2) and 2.084(1) Å, respectively, while those in 4 are 1.688(7) and 2.088(4) Å, respectively. The cyclic voltammograms of the monooxo aryl osmium(VI) compounds show reversible Os(VI/V) couple at around -1.4 V vs. ferrocene/ferrocenium couple.published_or_final_versio

Dimetallic gold(I) and platinum(II) complexes containing a trioxoosmium(VIII) moiety. Crystal structures of [Au(PPh3)(NOsO3)] and cis-[Pt(PMe3)2(NOsO3)2]

Reaction of [NBun 4][OsO3N] with [Au(PPh3)(CF3SO3)] and cis-[Pt(PMe3)2(CF3SO3)2] afforded the dimetailic complexes [Au(PPh3)(NOsO3)] and cis-[Pt(PMe3)2(NOsO3)2], respectively, which have been characterised by X-ray crystallography.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Syntheses and crystal structures of bi- and tri-metallic complexes containing a trioxoosmium(VIII) moiety

Interaction of cis-[Pt(dppm)2(O3SCF3)2] [dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane], cis-[Pt(Bupy)(O3SCF3)2] (Bupy = 4-tert-butylpyridine), [Ir(CO)(PPh3)2(O3SCF3)], and [Rh(cod)(OH2)(OTs)] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene, OTs = tosylate) with [NBun 4][NOsO3] afforded bimetallic nitrido-bridged complexes cis-[Pt(dppm)(NOsO3)2] 3, trans-[Pt(Bupy)2(NOsO3)2] 4, [Ir(CO)(PPh3)2(NOsO3)] 5 and [{Rh(cod)(NOsO3)}2] 6, respectively. Complex 4 crystallises in the P1 space group with a = 7.936(1), b = 10.758(2), c = 7.738(1) Å, α = 100.02(1), β = 99.75(1), γ = 101.75(1)°, U = 622.5(2) Å3 for Z = 1. The Pt-N (Os), Os-N and the mean Os-O distances are 1.958(7), 1.681(7) and 1.724 Å, respectively. Complex 5 crystallises in the P21/n space group with a = 10.124(1), b = 15.564(2), c = 22.623(3) Å, β = 100.08(2)°, U = 3509.7(7) Å3 for Z = 4. The Ir-N, Os-N and the mean Os-O distances are 1.998(7), 1.710(7) and 1.718 Å, respectively. Treatment of [Au(PPh3)(NOsO3)] 1 with Ph3P=NPh gave the N-phosphinimine complex [Au(PPh3){N(=PPh3)Ph}][NOsO3] 7. Complex 7 crystallises in the P21/n space group with a = 8.780(1), b = 20.781(2), c = 20.711(5) Å, β = 91.23(1)°, U = 3788.0(9) Å3 for Z = 4. The Au-N distance is 2.091(8) Å and the C-N-P angle in the phosphinimine is 127.0(7)°. Reaction of 1 with Bupy led to substitution of Bupy for [NOsO3] and formation of [Au(PPh3)(Bupy)][NOsO3] 8. Reaction of [Pt(dppf)(O3SCF3)Cl] [dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] with [NBun 4][NOsO3] afforded the trimetallic complex [Pt(dppf)(NOsO3)Cl] 11. Complex 11 crystallizes in the P21/c space group with a = 20.058(2), b = 14.899(1), c = 23.949(2) Å, β = 114.57(2)°, U = 6508(1) Å3 for Z = 8. The mean Pt-N, Os-N and Os-O distances are 2.06, 1.66 and 1.67 Å, respectively.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Are large randomized controlled trials in severe sepsis and septic shock statistically disadvantaged by repeated inadvertent underestimates of required sample size

Objectives: We sought to understand why randomized controlled trials in septic shock have failed to demonstrate effectiveness in the face of improving overall outcomes for patients and seemingly promising results of early phase trials of interventions. Design: We performed a retrospective analysis of large critical care trials of severe sepsis and septic shock. Data were collected from the primary trial manuscripts, pre-published statistical plans or by direct communication with corresponding authors. Setting: Critical care randomized control trials in severe sepsis and septic shock. Participants: 14619 patients randomized in 13 trials published between 2005 to 2015, enrolling greater than 500 patients and powered to a primary outcome of mortality. Intervention: Multiple interventions including the evaluation of treatment strategies and novel therapeutics. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Our primary outcome measure was the difference between the anticipated and actual control arm mortality. Secondary analysis examined the actual effect size and the anticipated effect size employed in sample size calculation. Results: In this post-hoc analysis of 13 trials with 14 619 patients randomised, we highlight a global tendency to overestimate control arm mortality in estimating sample size (absolute difference 9.8%, 95% confidence interval, -14.7% to -5%, p<0.001). When we compared anticipated and actual effect size of a treatment there was also a substantial overestimation in proposed values (absolute difference 7.4%, 95% confidence interval -9.0% to -5.8%, p<0.0001). Conclusions: An interpretation of our results is that trials are consistently underpowered in the planning phase by employing erroneous variables to calculate a satisfactory sample size. Our analysis cannot establish if, given a larger sample size, a trial would have had a positive result. It is disappointing so many promising phase II results have not translated into durable phase III outcomes. It is possible that our current framework has biased us towards discounting potentially life-saving treatments

Synthesis and Reactivities of (Arylsulfonyl)amido Complexes of Ruthenium(II)

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Tosylimido complexes of tungsten(VI)

Treatment of W(CO)6 with N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide affords [W(NTs)2Cl2]x 1, which reacts with bipy (2,2′-bipyridine) to give the adduct W(NTs)2Cl2(bipy) 2. The average W - N(imido), W - Cl and W - N (bipy) distances are 1.782, 2.352 and 2.284 Å, respectively. Reaction of [W(NTs)2Cl2]n with NaTp [Tp = hydrido(trispyrazolyl)borate] gives TpW(NTs)2Cl 4. These tungsten(VI) tosylimido complexes undergo imido transfer reactions with tertiary phosphine to give W(IV) and the N-tosyl phosphinimine. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Reactions of nitridorhenium(V) and -osmium(VI) complexes with acylating agents

Interaction of Re(N)L-2 [L = N(PSPh2)(2)] 1 with (CF3CO)(2)O or RCOCl afforded air-sensitive acylimido-Re(V) complexes trans-Re[NC(O)CF3](OCOCF3)L-2 2 or trans-Re[NC(O)R]ClL2 (R = CCl2H 3,CClH2 4, CH3 5), respectively. Treatment of 1 with (CX3CO)(2)O followed by recrystallization from CH2Cl2/hexane in air led to the formation of the corresponding parent imido complexes trans-Re(NH)(OCOCX3)L-2 (X = F 6, Cl 7). The structure of 7 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Re-N, average Re-S, and Re-O distances are 1.664(3), 2.441, and 2.116(3) Angstrom, respectively. Deprotonation of 6 or 7 with Et3N gave 1. Recrystallization of 3 from CH2Cl2/hexane in air resulted in oxo-imido exchange and the isolation of the oxo-Re(V) species trans-Re(O)ClL2. Treatment of 1 with tosyl anhydride gave trans-Re(NH)(OTs)L-2 (OTs = tosyl) 8. Reaction of [n-Bu4N][OsNCl4] with KL afforded trans-Os(N)ClL2 9, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Os-N, Os-Cl, and average Os-S bond distances in 9 are 1.64(1), 2.577(4), and 2.429 Angstrom, respectively. Treatment of 10 with (CF3CO)(2)O, Ag(CF3CO2), or CF3CO2H resulted in chloride substitution and the formation of trans-Os(N)(OCOCF3)L-2 10. The Os-N, Os-O, and average Os-S distances in 10 are 1.643(5), 2.271(4), and 2.419 Angstrom respectively. Treatment of 1 with [Ph3C]BF4 resulted in the isolation of trans-Re(NCPh3)(F)L-2 11, presumably via the cationic tritylimido intermediate [Re(NCPh3)L-2](+). Reaction of 9 with [Ph3C]BF4 led to chloride abstraction and the formation of five-coordinate [Os(N)L-2]BF4 12. The Os-Nand average Os-S distances in 12 are 1.646(5), and 2.364 Angstrom, respectively

Direct functionalisation of σ-aryl ligands: preparation of homoleptic functionalised aryls of osmium(IV)

The osmium(IV) tetraaryl complex [Os(C8H9)4] (C8H9 = 2,5-dimethylphenyl) reacts with pyridinium tribromide in the presence of Fe powder to give [Os(C8H8Br)4], which undergoes Suzuki coupling with arylboronic acids to afford a series of homoleptic functionalised aryls of osmium(IV)