Charge-spin correlation in van der Waals antiferromagenet NiPS3

Strong charge-spin coupling is found in a layered transition-metal trichalcogenide NiPS3, a van derWaals antiferromagnet, from our study of the electronic structure using several experimental and theoretical tools: spectroscopic ellipsometry, x-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopy, and density-functional calculations. NiPS3 displays an anomalous shift in the optical spectral weight at the magnetic ordering temperature, reflecting a strong coupling between the electronic and magnetic structures. X-ray absorption, photoemission and optical spectra support a self-doped ground state in NiPS3. Our work demonstrates that layered transition-metal trichalcogenide magnets are a useful candidate for the study of correlated-electron physics in two-dimensional magnetic material.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figur

<i>Salvia plebeia</i> R.Br. and Rosmarinic Acid Attenuate Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Myotubes

Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs when protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis and is associated with increased circulating glucocorticoid levels. Salvia plebeia R.Br. (SPR) has been used as herbal remedy for a variety of inflammatory diseases and has various biological actions such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there are no reports on the effects of SPR and its bioactive components on muscle atrophy. Herein, we investigated the anti-atrophic effect of SPR and rosmarinic acid (RosA), a major compound of SPR, on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Myotubes were treated with 10 μM DEX in the presence or absence of SPR or RosA at different concentrations for 24 h and subjected to immunocytochemistry, western blot, and measurements of ROS and ATP levels. SPR and RosA increased viability and inhibited protein degradation in DEX-treated C2C12 myotubes. In addition, RosA promoted the Akt/p70S6K/mTOR pathway and reduced ROS production, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the treatment of RosA significantly recovered SOD activity, autophagy activity, mitochondrial contents, and APT levels in DEX-treated myotubes. These findings suggest that SPR and RosA may provide protective effects against DEX-induced muscle atrophy and have promising potential as a nutraceutical remedy for the treatment of muscle weakness and atrophy

Giant Magnetic Anisotropy in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Antiferromagnet FePS3

Abstract Van der Waals (vdW) magnets are an ideal platform for tailoring 2D magnetism with immense potential for spintronics applications and are intensively investigated. However, little is known about the microscopic origin of magnetic order in these antiferromagnetic systems. X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy is used to address the electronic and magnetic properties of the vdW antiferromagnet FePS3 down to the monolayer. The experiments reveal a giant out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy of 22 meV per Fe ion, accompanied by unquenched magnetic orbital moments. Moreover, the calculations suggest that the Ising magnetism in FePS3 is a visible manifestation of spin–orbit entanglement of the Fe 3d electron system

Friction and conductance imaging of sp(2)- and sp(3)-hybridized subdomains on single-layer graphene oxide

We investigated the subdomain structures of single-layer graphene oxide (GO) by characterizing local friction and conductance using conductive atomic force microscopy. Friction and conductance mapping showed that a single-layer GO flake has subdomains several tens to a few hundreds of nanometers in lateral size. The GO subdomains exhibited low friction (high conductance) in the sp(2)-rich phase and high friction (low conductance) in the sp(3)-rich phase. Current-voltage spectroscopy revealed that the local current flow in single-layer GO depends on the quantity of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and epoxy bridges within the 2-dimensional carbon layer. The presence of subdomains with different sp(2)/sp(3) carbon ratios on a GO flake was also confirmed by chemical mapping using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. These results suggest that spatial mapping of the friction and conductance can be used to rapidly identify the composition of heterogeneous single-layer GO at nanometer scale, which is essential for understanding charge transport in nanoelectronic devicesclose