Air temperature at 90 km altitude in the Artic obtained using meteor radar : validation, characterization and climate change.

Temperatures at 90 km altitude above Ramfjordmoen (69°N, 19°E) have been obtained with the Nippon/Norwegian Tromsø Meteor Radar. The temperatures have been derived from meteor radar decay rates using two techniques: the pressure based and the temperature gradient based methods. The results have been compared to the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on board the Aura spacecraft. It was found that the pressure method was simpler to implement than the temperature gradient method and gave better results in relation to the MLS temperatures. With the use of a technique for statistical comparison of geophysical data, the intrinsic uncertainty of the radar temperatures was estimated to be less than 4 K. Two attempts to combine the two techniques in order to measure both temperatures and pressure with the meteor radar have been carried out. One of the approaches proved to be feasible and gave promising results. This indicates that the meteor radar may have the potential of producing continuous temperature and pressure measurements virtually independent of external data. A new collocated sodium lidar is introduced and some initial comparisons are carried out between the two instruments. At times there were large discrepancies, but more data is necessary in order to obtain reliable results. Finally, some possible uses of the radar temperatures are proposed. A method for investigating long term trends is discussed in detail. The data available resulted in a trend of - 2.2 K per decade, but more data is required to establish a trend with higher confidence. It was estimated that approximately 13 years of data are needed to determine the trend with a probability of 90 %

SV80 microtissue protein expression pattern.

<p>IHC slices of SV80 in monocultures after ten days (Bar in A: 100 μm); SV80 microtissue staining is only shown representatively after ten days because no difference in the staining pattern between five and ten days was detected. Microtissues were completely positive for vimentin and Ki67, whereas no E-Cadherin and α-SMA expression was observed.</p

Cytokeratin 7 expression pattern.

<p>IHC staining of A549, SV80 monocultures and A549 co-cultures after ten days (Bar in 1–3: 100 μm). Cytokeratin 7 staining could only be observed in cancer cells but not in SV80 cells.</p

Peripheral infusion of rat bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells leads to homing in acute lung injury-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Peripheral infusion of rat bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells leads to homing in acute lung injury"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/50</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):50-50.</p><p>Published online 9 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000890.</p><p></p>ined in EBM-2 medium containing several growth factors (A). Typical morphology (spindle cell shape) for rat EPC (B) occurred after a few days in culture (phase contrast microscopy 30×). Outgrowth of EPC appeared to occur from an angioblast-like cell as already documented for human EPC (C, 30×). Maintaining of the endothelial colonies in specific growth medium resulted in the proliferation of characteristic endothelial cobblestone colonies (D, 20×)

Extracellular matrix expression pattern.

<p>Fibronectin was displayed in microtissues after ten days. (Bar in A549/SV80 monocultures: 50 μm, bar in all other microtissues: 100 μm); Secretion of fibronectin could be observed in microtissues containing fibroblasts, whereas in all tumour cell monocultures no fibronectin secretion could be detected.</p

A549 microtissue protein expression pattern.

<p>IHC slices of A549 in mono- and co-cultures after five and ten days (Bar in A-D: 100 μm, bar in Insert: 25 μm); an increase in vimentin and a simultaneous decrease in E-Cadherin is displayed in co-cultures. Also an upregulation of Ki67 expression in co-cultures was detected.</p

Tumour microtissue architecture.

<p>Semi-thin sections (1 μm slices) of A549/Colo699 mono- and co-cultures after ten days of cultivation stained with toluidine. Bar in all pictures: 20 μm. A549 cells form rugged spheroids resembling a more multi-layered tissue and exhibit a rough surface. Colo699 monocultures reveal a spheroidal structure with a loose surface. When fibroblasts are added both cell lines build a more compact microtissue with a regular surface.</p

Tumour microtissue formation.

<p>SEM pictures were taken after ten days: Monocultures of A549 and SV80 were seeded in a ratio of 2500 cells/40 μl, whereas Colo699 monocultures were cultured in form of 1250 cells/40 μl. All co-cultures were seeded in a carcinoma cell: fibroblast ratio of 1∶2/40 μl (A549 co-cultures: 2500 cancer cells +5000 fibroblasts / Colo699 co-cultures: 1250 cancer cells +2500 fibroblasts). (A/B) A549 monocultures, (C/D) A549 co-cultures; (E/F) Colo699 monocultures, (G/H) Colo699 co-cultures; (I/J) SV80 monocultures. All co-cultures displayed a more homogenous and rounder microtissue surface compared to monocultures.</p

Summary of IHC protein expression pattern. +/- displays the presence/absence of the indicated protein.

<p>Summary of IHC protein expression pattern. +/- displays the presence/absence of the indicated protein.</p

Peripheral infusion of rat bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells leads to homing in acute lung injury-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Peripheral infusion of rat bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells leads to homing in acute lung injury"</p><p>http://respiratory-research.com/content/8/1/50</p><p>Respiratory Research 2007;8(1):50-50.</p><p>Published online 9 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2000890.</p><p></p> with VEGF (50 ng/ml) exhibited more tubular formation and with a particular tendency to multiple links between cell nest (Figure 4B) than observed with the control: hL-MVEC (Figure 4A) However, EPC have the capability to form capillary like structures when seeded at low cell numbers even in the absence of high concentrations of cytokines which suggests their high angiogenic potential. Picture represents a 20× magnification phase contrast microscopic picture (Figure 4C)