15,112 research outputs found
Utility of electronic patient records for evaluating stroke secondary prevention in primary care
Phase separation and rotor self-assembly in active particle suspensions
Adding a non-adsorbing polymer to passive colloids induces an attraction
between the particles via the `depletion' mechanism. High enough polymer
concentrations lead to phase separation. We combine experiments, theory and
simulations to demonstrate that using active colloids (such as motile bacteria)
dramatically changes the physics of such mixtures. First, significantly
stronger inter-particle attraction is needed to cause phase separation.
Secondly, the finite size aggregates formed at lower inter-particle attraction
show unidirectional rotation. These micro-rotors demonstrate the self assembly
of functional structures using active particles. The angular speed of the
rotating clusters scales approximately as the inverse of their size, which may
be understood theoretically by assuming that the torques exerted by the
outermost bacteria in a cluster add up randomly. Our simulations suggest that
both the suppression of phase separation and the self assembly of rotors are
generic features of aggregating swimmers, and should therefore occur in a
variety of biological and synthetic active particle systems.Comment: Main text: 6 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary information: 5 pages, 4
figures. Supplementary movies available from
httP://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1116334109/-/DCSupplementa
Life below excellence: exploring the links between top-ranked universities and regional competitiveness
[EN] This paper examines interactions between the presence of top-ranked universities and other conditions that encourage regional competitiveness. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted to assess the combined effect of the conditions. The analysis yields several noteworthy conclusions. First, no single condition is necessary for a region to be competitive. Second, R&D expenditure is important for regional competitiveness. Third, different configurations of conditions are sufficient for high competitiveness in different regional clusters. Furthermore, some of these configurations do not include the presence of top-ranked universities. A 'magic recipe' consists of the combination of a private research system, an inter-firm collaboration network and high levels of human capital. The analysis shows that university excellence is valuable. However, in terms of its contribution to regional development, it is not crucial and must always be contextualised. This conclusion is important for smart strategic planning of local knowledge systems.Jose-Maria Garcia-Alvarez-Coque and Francisco Mas-Verdu wish to thank Project RTI2018-093791-B-C22, funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Spain), for supporting this research.GarcĂa Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Mas VerdĂș, F.; Roig Tierno, H. (2021). Life below excellence: exploring the links between top-ranked universities and regional competitiveness. Studies in Higher Education. 46(2):369-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1637843S369384462AlamĂĄ-Sabater, L., BudĂ, V., GarcĂa-Ălvarez-Coque, J. M., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2019). Using mixed research approaches to understand rural depopulation. EconomĂa Agraria y Recursos Naturales, 19(1), 99. doi:10.7201/earn.2019.01.06Baldacci, E., Clements, B., Gupta, S., & Cui, Q. (2008). Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries. 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Tiers of Engagement by Universities in their Regionâs Development. Regional Studies, 37(9), 887-897. doi:10.1080/0034340032000143896Bramwell, A., & Wolfe, D. A. (2008). Universities and regional economic development: The entrepreneurial University of Waterloo. Research Policy, 37(8), 1175-1187. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.016Breschi, S., & Lissoni, F. (2009). Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localized knowledge flows. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(4), 439-468. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbp008Camagni, R. (2017). Regional Competitiveness: Towards a Concept of Territorial Capital. Seminal Studies in Regional and Urban Economics, 115-131. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57807-1_6Camagni, R., & Capello, R. (2013). Regional Competitiveness and Territorial Capital: A Conceptual Approach and Empirical Evidence from the European Union. Regional Studies, 47(9), 1383-1402. doi:10.1080/00343404.2012.681640Choi, J., & Lee, J. (2017). 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Quality & Quantity, 44(1), 99-113. doi:10.1007/s11135-008-9183-xDuvivier, C., PolĂšse, M., & Apparicio, P. (2017). The location of information technology-led new economy jobs in cities: office parks or cool neighbourhoods? Regional Studies, 52(6), 756-767. doi:10.1080/00343404.2017.1322686European Commission. 2016a. European Regional Competitiveness Index. Brussels: Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. Accessed June 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/maps/regional_competitiveness/.European Commission. 2016b. Regional Innovation Scoreboard (RIS). Brussels: Publications Office of the EU. Accessed June 2018. https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/693eaaba-de16-11e6-ad7c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en/format-PDF/source-31233711.Fan, D., Li, Y., & Chen, L. (2017). Configuring innovative societies: The crossvergent role of cultural and institutional varieties. 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Entrepreneurial Learning: Researching the Interface between Learning and the Entrepreneurial Context. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 351-371. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00089.xHarrison, J., & Turok, I. (2017). Universities, knowledge and regional development. Regional Studies, 51(7), 977-981. doi:10.1080/00343404.2017.1328189Hazelkorn, E. (2008). Learning to Live with League Tables and Ranking: The Experience of Institutional Leaders. Higher Education Policy, 21(2), 193-215. doi:10.1057/hep.2008.1Hewitt-Dundas, N., & Roper, S. (2011). Creating advantage in peripheral regions: The role of publicly funded R&D centres. Research Policy, 40(6), 832-841. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.03.005Hicks, D., Wouters, P., Waltman, L., de Rijcke, S., & Rafols, I. (2015). Bibliometrics: The Leiden Manifesto for research metrics. Nature, 520(7548), 429-431. doi:10.1038/520429aJaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M., & Henderson, R. (1993). 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Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development. Research Policy, 37(8), 1188-1204. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2008.04.01
The benefits of organic farming for biodiversity
Previous studies suggest widespread positive responses of biodiversity to organic farming. Many of these studies, however, have been small-scale. This project tested the generality of habitat and biodiversity differences between matched pairs of organic and non-organic farms containing cereal crops in lowland England on a large-scale across a range of taxa including plants, insects, birds and bats. The extent of both cropped and un-cropped habitats together with their composition and management on a range of scales were also compared. Organic farms was likely to favour higher levels of biodiversity and indeed organic farms tended to support higher numbers of species and overall abundance across most taxa. However, the magnitude of the response differed strikingly; plants showed stronger and more consistent responses than other taxa. Some, but not all, differences in biodiversity between systems appear to be a consequence of differences in habitat quantity
Dynamics of the spontaneous breakdown of superhydrophobicity
Drops deposited on rough and hydrophobic surfaces can stay suspended with gas
pockets underneath the liquid, then showing very low hydrodynamic resistance.
When this superhydrophobic state breaks down, the subsequent wetting process
can show different dynamical properties. A suitable choice of the geometry can
make the wetting front propagate in a stepwise manner leading to {\it
square-shaped} wetted area: the front propagation is slow and the patterned
surface fills by rows through a {\it zipping} mechanism. The multiple time
scale scenario of this wetting process is experimentally characterized and
compared to numerical simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Ebola Virus Disease: Implications for Solid Organ Transplantation
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109839/1/ajt13093.pd
Imaging the cool gas, dust, star formation, and AGN in the first galaxies
When, and how, did the first galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBH)
form, and how did they reionization the Universe? First galaxy formation and
cosmic reionization are among the last frontiers in studies of cosmic structure
formation. We delineate the detailed astrophysical probes of early galaxy and
SMBH formation afforded by observations at centimeter through submillimeter
wavelengths. These observations include studies of the molecular gas (= the
fuel for star formation in galaxies), atomic fine structure lines (= the
dominant ISM gas coolant), thermal dust continuum emission (= an ideal star
formation rate estimator), and radio continuum emission from star formation and
relativistic jets. High resolution spectroscopic imaging can be used to study
galaxy dynamics and star formation on sub-kpc scales. These cm and mm
observations are the necessary compliment to near-IR observations, which probe
the stars and ionized gas, and X-ray observations, which reveal the AGN.
Together, a suite of revolutionary observatories planned for the next decade
from centimeter to X-ray wavelengths will provide the requisite panchromatic
view of the complex processes involved in the formation of the first generation
of galaxies and SMBHs, and cosmic reionization.Comment: 8 pages total. White paper submitted to the Astro 2010 Decadal Surve
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Involving older people in health research
Abstract Background: it is a UK policy requirement to involve patients and the public in health research as active partners. Objective: we reviewed published reports of studies which involved older people in commissioning, prioritising, designing, conducting or disseminating research. Search strategy and selection criteria: systematic searches of databases (PubMed, SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, ASSIA, Embase, CINAHL and Medline) for English language studies published between 1995 and 2005 which had involved older people as partners in the research process as opposed to research subjects. Articles were reviewed by two authors using a standardised matrix for data extraction. Results: thirty studies were included and classified according to the stage in the research process in which older people were involved. Barriers to involving older people were: cultural divisions, language barriers, research skills capacity, ill health, time and resources. Four of the studies had been formally evaluated to identify the impact of involvement. Evaluation focussed on the impact on participants rather than on impact on research processes and outcomes. Benefits to participants included: increased knowledge, awareness and confidence, meeting others in similar situations, empowering older people to become active in their community regarding decisions/policies which affect them. Conclusions: factors hindering the involvement of older people in research were the same as reported factors hindering involvement of younger people, suggesting that age, per se, is not a barrier. To demonstrate the impact of user involvement on research quality, the definition of user involvement requires clarification, and systematic evaluation of research involving older people needs to be developed
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