Periodontitis and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases

Choroby przyzębia to powszechnie występujące schorzenie jamy ustnej wśród ludzi. Jako przyzębie określa się tkanki otaczające ząb, a ich proces zapalny z czasem może prowadzić do utraty zębów. W wielu pracach badawczych wskazuje się na wpływ periodontitis na występowanie chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Spośród badanych hipotez dotyczących wpływu aktywnych ognisk zapalnych wymienia się bezpośredni uszkadzający wpływ bakteriemii oraz oddziaływanie na ścianę naczyń cytokin i mediatorów zapalnych uwalnianych podczas przewlekłego zapalenia przyzębia. Skutkuje to powstaniem blaszek miażdżycowych, pogrubieniem kompleksu błony środkowej i wewnętrznej, dysfunkcją śródbłonka i zwiększeniem sztywności naczyń, co prowadzi do wzrostu centralnego i obwodowego ciśnienia tętniczego, a w dalszej kolejności — do przerostu mięśnia lewej komory. Kliniczne manifestacje miażdżycy to: choroba niedokrwienna serca, zawał serca, udar niedokrwienny mózgu oraz miażdżyca zarostowa tętnic kończyn dolnych. Zapalenie przyzębia jest czynnikiem ryzyka podlegającym modyfikacji. Wysoka zapadalność na choroby przyzębia oraz powszechne występowanie chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego wskazują na potrzebę zwrócenia uwagi na ewentualną korelację z myślą o wprowadzeniu odpowiednich badań profilaktycznych. Ważne jest, aby do rutynowego badania chorych włączyć ocenę jamy ustnej, zwłaszcza wśród pacjentów obciążonych wysokim ryzykiem sercowo-naczyniowym. Również wśród pacjentów ze stwierdzoną chorobą przyzębia należałoby oszacować ryzyko sercowo-naczyniowe i wdrożyć odpowiednie leczenie periodontologiczne.Periodontal disease is a common disease of the oral cavity of humans. Periodontium refers to tissues that surround and support the teeth, and their inflammation may lead to teeth loss. Numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between periodontitis and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Investigated hypotheses regarding impact of active foci of inflammation on vessel walls include direct, adverse impact of bacteraemia and the influence of cytokines and inflammatory mediators released during chronic periodontitis. This results in emergence of atheromatous plaques, increased intima-media thickness, endothelial dysfunction and increased vessel rigidity, which leads to increased central and peripheral blood pressure, and consequently, to left ventricular hypertrophy. Clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis include: ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and obliterative atherosclerosis of arteries in the lower extremities. Periodontitis is a modifiable risk factor. High incidence of the periodontal diseases and substantial prevalence of cardiovascular diseases have brought the need to investigate their possible correlation, with the intention to introduce appropriate preventive examinations. It is important to include examination of the oral cavity in the prospective routine testing, especially in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. In patients diagnosed with periodontitis, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases should also be evaluated, and proper treatment of the periodontal disease should be applied

Total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage in a 60-year-old woman diagnosed in an ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography : a case report and review of literature

Purpose: Total anomalous pulmonary vein drainage (TAPVD) is a congenital cardiac defect in which there is no connection between pulmonary veins and the left atrium. Pulmonary veins form a confluence independent of the left atrium and drain to a systemic vein. TAPVD types are: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed. TAPVD accounts for approximately 1.5-2.2% of all congenital heart diseases. This anomaly is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period, and it coexists with atrial septal defect. Adult cases of TAPVD are rarely reported. Case report: We report a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with incidentally found, uncorrected TAPVD in ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography. In previous echocardiographic examinations partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial septal defect were diagnosed. Conclusions: ECG-gated multidetector computed tomography is a valuable diagnostic method for adults with congenital heart disease. It enables evaluation of coronary arteries and simultaneously provides detailed anatomy of great vessels

Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity/Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TRV/TAPSE) Ratio as a Novel Indicator of Disease Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension

Background: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) are two echocardiographic parameters with prognostic value in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). When analyzed concurrently as the TRV/TAPSE ratio, they allow the ventricular–pulmonary artery coupling (RVPAC) to be assessed. This could better predict disease severity in patients with PH. Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the TRV/TAPSE ratio echocardiographic parameter in adults with precapillary PH. Methods: This study included 39 patients (74% women; average age, 63 years) with precapillary PH (pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic PH) The mean follow-up period was 16.6 ± 13.3 months. Twelve patients (31%) died during the observation time. We measured TAPSE as a surrogate of RV contractility and TRV reflecting RV afterload, while ventricular–arterial coupling was evaluated by the ratio between these two parameters (TRV/TAPSE). To assess disease progression and the patient’s functional capacity, the World Health Organization functional class (WHO FC) was determined. Patient physical capacity was also evaluated using the 6 min walk test (6MWT). The analysis included values of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), which were taken routinely during the follow-up visit. Results: The mean calculated TRV/TAPSE ratio was 0.26 ± 0.08 m/s/mm. Upon comparison of the TRV/TAPSE ratio to the disease prognostic indicators, we observed a statistically significant correlation between TRV/TAPSE and the results of the WHO FC, 6MWT, and NT-proBNP. The TRV/TAPSE ratio is thus a good predictor of mortality in PH patients (AUC, 0.781). Patients with a TRV/TAPSE ratio > 0.30 m/s/mm had a shorter survival time, with log-rank test p < 0.0001. Additionally, ROC analysis revealed higher AUC for TRV/TAPSE than for TAPSE and TRV alone. Conclusions: TRV/TAPSE is a promising practicable echocardiographic parameter reflecting RVPAC. Moreover, TRV/TAPSE could be viable risk stratification parameter and could have prognostic value in patients with PH

The Influence of Water Quality Change on the Corrosion Process in Galvanized Pipes of Fire Protection Installations

The article presents the results of an investigation of water composition and quality in sprinkler installations, as well as the influence of temperature changes on the corrosion process. The physical and chemical components of the water were measured to ascertain the influence of its properties on the corrosion process in a wet pipe sprinkler system operating in significantly changing ambient temperature conditions. The article presents the results of measurements of the wall thickness of galvanized pipes and changes in the chemical composition of water occurring under the influence of variable ambient temperature. The range and variability of temperatures corresponded to the seasons of the year: spring and summer in a temperate climate. Changes in the corrosive aggressiveness of water were assessed using the Langelier saturation index (LSI), the Ryznar stability index (RSI), and the general acidity intensity index (I). The tests revealed that the tap water used demonstrated strong corrosive properties for galvanized pipes. The calculated indices showed the tendency of water to cause corrosion (−1.1 > LSI −), sulphate (SO42−), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ions. An important factor contributing to the intensification of corrosion is the roughness and heterogeneity of the pipe surface

The Influence of Water Quality Change on the Corrosion Process in Galvanized Pipes of Fire Protection Installations

The article presents the results of an investigation of water composition and quality in sprinkler installations, as well as the influence of temperature changes on the corrosion process. The physical and chemical components of the water were measured to ascertain the influence of its properties on the corrosion process in a wet pipe sprinkler system operating in significantly changing ambient temperature conditions. The article presents the results of measurements of the wall thickness of galvanized pipes and changes in the chemical composition of water occurring under the influence of variable ambient temperature. The range and variability of temperatures corresponded to the seasons of the year: spring and summer in a temperate climate. Changes in the corrosive aggressiveness of water were assessed using the Langelier saturation index (LSI), the Ryznar stability index (RSI), and the general acidity intensity index (I). The tests revealed that the tap water used demonstrated strong corrosive properties for galvanized pipes. The calculated indices showed the tendency of water to cause corrosion (&minus;1.1 &gt; LSI &lt; 1.0; RSI = 7.1&ndash;12.8). The chemical parameters that significantly influenced the corrosion of galvanized pipes are chloride (Cl&minus;), sulphate (SO42&minus;), and bicarbonate (HCO3&minus;) ions. An important factor contributing to the intensification of corrosion is the roughness and heterogeneity of the pipe surface

Is Physical Activity an Effective Factor for Modulating Pressure Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance after Cardiovascular Incidents?

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether regular physical activity can alter the pressure pain threshold, pain tolerance, and subjective pain perception in individuals who have experienced a cardiovascular event. The study involved 85 individuals aged 37 to 84 years (M = 65.36) who qualified for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation, which consisted of 24 physical training sessions. The patients were all tested twice: on the first and last day of the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program. Assessments of the pressure pain threshold and pain tolerance were performed with an algometer. To assess the pain coping strategies, the Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) and parenting styles were measured retrospectively with subjective survey questions. The main results of the study showed that patients achieved significantly higher pressure pain thresholds after a physical training cycle (ps 0.05). A lower preference for the better pain coping strategy explanation (ß = −0.42, p = 0.013) and growing up in a family with a less neglectful atmosphere (ß = −0.35, p = 0.008) were associated with increased pressure pain threshold after physical training. The results suggest that physical activity is an important factor in modulating the pressure pain threshold

Złożona translokacja wariantowa t(9;22;6;17;1) w przebiegu leczenia przypadku przewlekłej białaczki szpikowej.

The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a specific cytogenetic change resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. In 5–10% of newly diagnosed cases there are variant translocations (vPh) involving more chromosomes. This paper presents the case of a CML patient with a complex variant translocation involving chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 17 and 22. A molecular analysis did not reveal any muta­tion in the kinase domain of BCR-ABL1 gene or the mutation of TP53 gene. After the first-line treatment with imatinib no cytogenetic or molecular response was obtained. The change of treatment to dasatinib resulted in a minimal cytogenetic response (minCyR) followed by a minor cytogenetic response (mCyR). The application of nilotinib in the third-line treatment resulted in a complete molecular response (CMolR) and therapy success. The likely reason for the failure of the first- and second-line treatment was the loss of a fragment of the 17p13 region as a result of a variant translocation. The change can be a functional equivalent of the loss of one copy of TP53. The analysis of presented case confirms the significance of the detailed evaluation of the composition of vPh complex variant translocations as well as importance of combination cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics in CML treatment monitoring. It makes possible to adequate diagnose higher-risk patients and apply effective treatment strategies if an aberration is identified.Obecność chromosomu Philadelphia (Ph) w przewlekłej białaczce szpikowej (PBSz) jest swoistą zmianą cytogenetyczną wynikającą z wzajemnej translokacji pomiędzy chromosomami 9 i 22. W 5-10% nowo diagnozowanych przypadków dochodzi do translokacji wariantowych (vPh), które angażują więcej chromosomów. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 52-letniego mężczyzny ze stwierdzoną w badaniu cytogenetycznym i molekularnym przewlekłą białaczką szpikową ze złożoną translokacją pomiędzy chromosomami: 1, 6, 9, 17 i 22. Analiza molekularna nie wykazała obecności mutacji w domenie kinazowej genu fuzyjnego BCR-ABL1, ani mutacji genu TP53. Po zastosowaniu leczenia imatynibem w I linii, stwierdzono brak odpowiedzi cytogenetycznej oraz molekularnej. Zmiana leczenia na dazatynib spowodowała uzyskanie minimalnej (minCyR), a następnie mniejszej odpowiedzi cytogenetycznej (mCyR). Po zastosowaniu nilotynibu w III linii leczenia uzyskano całkowitą odpowiedź molekularną (CMolR) i powodzenie terapii. Prawdopodobnie przyczyną niepowodzeń I i II linii leczenia była utrata fragmentu obszaru 17p13 w rezultacie translokacji wariantowej. Zmiana ta jest funkcjonalnie równoważna utracie jednej kopii genu TP53. Analiza przedstawionego przypadku potwierdza, jak istotna jest szczegółowa ocena składu złożonych translokacji wariantowych vPh+, a także wspólna diagnostyka cytogenetyczna i molekularna oraz monitorowanie leczenia przebiegu PBSz. Pozwala to na ujawnienie pacjentów podwyższonego ryzyka, a identyfikacja zaburzenia umożliwia zastosowanie skutecznych strategii leczenia. The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a specific cytogenetic change resulting from reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Variant translocations (vPh) involving more chromosomes occur in 5-10% of newly diagnosed cases. In this study we present the case of a 52-year-old man with vPh in complex translocation between five chromosomes: 1, 6, 9, 17 and 22, diagnosed by cytogenetic and molecular studies. Molecular analysis showed no mutation in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain of the fusion gene and no mutation of the TP53 gene. Patient demonstrated no cytogenetic and molecular response to standard-dose imatinib in the first-line treatment. Dasatinib therapy, after imatinib failure, induced minimal cytogenetic response (minCyR) followed by minor cytogenetic response (mCyR). Complete molecular response (CMolR) was achieved on the third-line nilotinib therapy. The first and second-line treatment failure could be caused by the loss of a fragment within the 17p13 region, which can be functionally equivalent to the deletion of one copy of TP53 gene. The analysis of the presented case confirms the importance of a detailed assessment of the composition of vPh complex variant translocations, as well as combined cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics in monitoring of the treatment of CML. This approach allows detection of high-risk patients and the identification of the abnormalities enables the use of the most effective treatment strategies

Rzadki przypadek złożonej translokacji wariantowej t(9;22;6;17;1) w przewlekłej białaczce szpikowej

Obecność chromosomu Filadelfia (Philadelphia – Ph) w przewlekłej białaczce szpikowej (PBSz) jest swoistą zmianą cy­togenetyczną wynikającą z wzajemnej translokacji pomiędzy chromosomami 9 i 22. W 5–10% nowo diagnozowanych przypadków dochodzi do translokacji wariantowych (vPh), które angażują więcej chromosomów. W pracy przedsta­wiono przypadek pacjenta z PBSz ze złożoną translokacją wariantową pomiędzy chromosomami: 1, 6, 9, 17 i 22. Analiza molekularna nie wykazała obecności mutacji w domenie kinazowej genu fuzyjnego BCR-ABL1, ani mutacji genu TP53. Po zastosowaniu leczenia imatynibem w 1. linii stwierdzono brak odpowiedzi cytogenetycznej oraz molekularnej. Zmiana leczenia na dazatynib spowodowała uzyskanie minimalnej (minCyR), a następnie mniejszej odpowiedzi cytogenetycznej (mCyR). Po zastosowaniu nilotynibu w 3. linii leczenia uzyskano całkowitą odpowiedź molekularną (CMolR) i powodzenie terapii. Prawdopodobnie przyczyną niepowodzeń 1. i 2. linii leczenia była utrata fragmentu obszaru 17p13 w rezultacie translokacji wariantowej. Zmiana ta jest funkcjonalnie równoważna utracie jednej kopii genu TP53. Analiza przedstawio­nego przypadku potwierdza, jak istotna jest szczegółowa ocena składu złożonych translokacji wariantowych vPh, a także wspólna diagnostyka cytogenetyczna i molekularna w monitorowaniu przebiegu leczenia PBSz. Pozwala to na rozpoznanie pacjentów podwyższonego ryzyka, a identyfikacja zaburzenia umożliwia zastosowanie skutecznych strategii leczenia

Production of Sc medical radioisotopes with proton and deuteron beams

International audienceProton and deuteron beams extracted from the PETtrace medical cyclotronat the Radiopharmaceuticals Production and Research Centre in the University ofWarsaw, Heavy Ion Laboratory, 28 MeV protons from the C30 cyclotron at theNational Centre for Nuclear Research, Świerk, near Warsaw and 33 MeV protonsfrom the Arronax accelerator, Nantes were used to produce and investigate themedically interesting Sc radioisotopes. Both natural and isotopically enrichedCaCO3 targets and highly enriched 48TiO2 targets were used. The productionefficiency and isotopic purity were determined and are reported here for thehighest commercially available enrichments of the target material. The ThickTarget Yield, Activities at the End of Bombardment (EOB) and the relativeactivities of produced impurities at EOB are reported for 43Sc, 44gSc, 44mSc and47Sc produced with particle energies below 30 MeV