415 research outputs found
Local Structural Determination in Strained-Layer Semiconductors
The theory of elasticity accurately describes the deformations of macroscopic bodies under the action of applied stress. In this lecture I will examine the internal mechanisms of elasticity for strained-layer semiconductor heterostructures. In particular, I will present extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to show how bond lengths and bond angles change with strain and compare with various theoretical models. These synchrotron-based experimental techniques and their application to thin films will be developed in detail
Enhanced electron correlations at the SrxCa1-xVO3 surface
We report hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements of the
electronic structure of the prototypical correlated oxide SrxCa1-xVO3. By
comparing spectra recorded at different excitation energies, we show that 2.2
keV photoelectrons contain a substantial surface component, whereas 4.2 keV
photoelectrons originate essentially from the bulk of the sample.
Bulk-sensitive measurements of the O 2p valence band are found to be in good
agreement with ab initio calculations of the electronic structure, with some
modest adjustments to the orbital-dependent photoionization cross sections. The
evolution of the O 2p electronic structure as a function of the Sr content is
dominated by A-site hybridization. Near the Fermi level, the correlated V 3d
Hubbard bands are found to evolve in both binding energy and spectral weight as
a function of distance from the vacuum interface, revealing higher correlation
at the surface than in the bulk
Local Structure and It's Effect on The Ferromagnetic Properties of LaSrCoO thin films}
We have used high-resolution Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure and
diffraction techniques to measure the local structure of strained
LaSrCoO films under compression and tension. The lattice
mismatch strain in these compounds affects both the bond lengths and the bond
angles, though the larger effect on the bandwidth is due to the bond length
changes. The popular double exchange model for ferromagnetism in these
compounds provides a correct qualitative description of the changes in Curie
temperature , but quantitatively underestimates the changes. A microscopic
model for ferromagnetism that provides a much stronger dependence on the
structural distortions is needed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
BLIAM: Literature-based Data Synthesis for Synergistic Drug Combination Prediction
Language models pre-trained on scientific literature corpora have
substantially advanced scientific discovery by offering high-quality feature
representations for downstream applications. However, these features are often
not interpretable, and thus can reveal limited insights to domain experts.
Instead of obtaining features from language models, we propose BLIAM, a
literature-based data synthesis approach to directly generate training data
points that are interpretable and model-agnostic to downstream applications.
The key idea of BLIAM is to create prompts using existing training data and
then use these prompts to synthesize new data points. BLIAM performs these two
steps iteratively as new data points will define more informative prompts and
new prompts will in turn synthesize more accurate data points. Notably,
literature-based data augmentation might introduce data leakage since labels of
test data points in downstream applications might have already been mentioned
in the language model corpus. To prevent such leakage, we introduce GDSC-combo,
a large-scale drug combination discovery dataset that was published after the
biomedical language model was trained. We found that BLIAM substantially
outperforms a non-augmented approach and manual prompting in this rigorous data
split setting. BLIAM can be further used to synthesize data points for novel
drugs and cell lines that were not even measured in biomedical experiments. In
addition to the promising prediction performance, the data points synthesized
by BLIAM are interpretable and model-agnostic, enabling in silico augmentation
for in vitro experiments
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