Predicting the timing and potential of the spring emergence of overwintered populations of Heliothis spp

The current state of knowledge dealing with the prediction of the overwintering population and spring emergence of Heliothis spp., a serious pest of numerous crops is surveyed. Current literature is reviewed in detail. Temperature and day length are the primary factors which program H. spp. larva for possible diapause. Although studies on the interaction of temperature and day length are reported, the complete diapause induction process is not identified sufficiently to allow accurate prediction of diapause timing. Mortality during diapause is reported as highly variable. The factors causing mortality are identified, but only a few are quantified. The spring emergence of overwintering H. spp. adults and mathematical models which predict the timing of emergence are reviewed. Timing predictions compare favorably to observed field data; however, prediction of actual numbers of emerging moths is not possible. The potential for use of spring emergence predictions in pest management applications, as an early warning of potential crop damage, are excellent. Research requirements to develop such an early warning system are discussed

Automated monitoring of recovered water quality

Laboratory prototype water quality monitoring system provides automatic system for online monitoring of chemical, physical, and bacteriological properties of recovered water and for signaling malfunction in water recovery system. Monitor incorporates whenever possible commercially available sensors suitably modified

Entrainment of sediment particles by very-large-scale motions

Acknowledgements The study has been supported by two EPSRC/UK grants, ‘High-resolution numerical and experimental studies of turbulence-induced sediment erosion and near-bed transport’ (EP/G056404/1) and ‘Bed friction in rough-bed free-surface flows: a theoretical framework, roughness regimes, and quantification’ (EP/K041088/1). The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and the Editor for constructive criticisms and helpful suggestions that improved the presentation of the material in the paper.Peer reviewedPostprin

Bed particle dynamics at entrainment

The reported work was partly supported by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EPSRC(UK)], Grant EP/G056404/1 “High resolution numerical and experimental studies of turbulence-induced sediment erosion and near-bed transport” and Grant EP/K041088/1 “Bed friction in rough-bed free-surface flows: a theoretical framework, roughness regimes, and quantification”.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An Estimate of the Vibrational Frequencies of Spherical Virus Particles

The possible normal modes of vibration of a nearly spherical virus particle are discussed. Two simple models for the particle are treated, a liquid drop model and an elastic sphere model. Some estimates for the lowest vibrational frequency are given for each model. It is concluded that this frequency is likely to be of the order of a few GHz for particles with a radius of the order of 50 nm.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

A novel experimental technique and its application to study the effects of particle density and flow submergence on bed particle saltation

This research was sponsored by EPSRC grant EP/G056404/1 which is greatly appreciated.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An application of the emulsion relief in an opto-electronic pattern recognition-system

Es wird ein spezifisch zur Unterscheidung einfacher geometrischer Figuren (Kristallform-Analyse) geeignetes opto-elektronisches Gestalt-Erkennungs-System beschrieben, bei dem die Klassifikation auf Grund der Drehsymmetrie des Fraunhoferschen Spektrum erfolgt. Der Einfluß des Schwärzungsreliefs auf das Beugungsbild ermöglicht es, auch die Erkennung von Drei- und Sechseck nach dieser Methode vorzunehmen. Schließlich werden noch einige experimentelle Resultate betreffend die Auswirkung des Schwärzungsreliefs auf die Beugungsbilder mitgeteilt.An opto-electronic technique for the classification of simple geometrical shapes (grains of photogrsphic emulsions) is described. The shapes to be distinguished differ only in their two-dimensional rotational symmetry group. Fortunately, the emulsion relief leads to an easy distinction of the triangle from the hexagon in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. Finally, some experimental results will indicate the influence of the emulsion relief on the Fraunhofer spectrum