50 research outputs found
Treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life between type 2 diabetes patients initiating long- vs. intermediate-acting basal insulin therapy in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents – a randomized, prospective, crossover, open clinical trial
Disease- and age-related changes in histone acetylation at gene promoters in psychiatric disorders
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic factors have critical roles in gene
regulation in neuropsychiatric disorders and in aging, both of which are
typically associated with a wide range of gene expression abnormalities. Here,
we have used chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR to measure levels of acetylated
histone H3 at lysines 9/14 (ac-H3K9K14), two epigenetic marks associated
with transcriptionally active chromatin, at the promoter regions of eight
schizophrenia-related genes in n=82 postmortem prefrontal
cortical samples from normal subjects and those with schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder. We find that promoter-associated ac-H3K9K14 levels are correlated with
gene expression levels, as measured by real-time qPCR for several genes,
including, glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (GAD1), 5-hydroxytryptamine
receptor 2C (HTR2C), translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70
homolog A (TOMM70A) and protein phosphatase 1E (PPM1E).
Ac-H3K9K14 levels of several of the genes tested were significantly negatively
associated with age in normal subjects and those with bipolar disorder, but not
in subjects with schizophrenia, whereby low levels of histone acetylation were
observed in early age and throughout aging. Consistent with this observation,
significant hypoacetylation of H3K9K14 was detected in young subjects with
schizophrenia when compared with age-matched controls. Our results demonstrate
that gene expression changes associated with psychiatric disease and aging
result from epigenetic mechanisms involving histone acetylation. We further find
that treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor alters the expression
of several candidate genes for schizophrenia in mouse brain. These findings may
have therapeutic implications for the clinical use of HDAC inhibitors in
psychiatric disorders
Search for Extended Sources of Neutrino Emission in the Galactic Plane with IceCube
The Galactic plane, harboring a diffuse neutrino flux, is a particularly
interesting target to study potential cosmic-ray acceleration sites. Recent
gamma-ray observations by HAWC and LHAASO have presented evidence for multiple
Galactic sources that exhibit a spatially extended morphology and have energy
spectra continuing beyond 100 TeV. A fraction of such emission could be
produced by interactions of accelerated hadronic cosmic rays, resulting in an
excess of high-energy neutrinos clustered near these regions. Using 10 years of
IceCube data comprising track-like events that originate from charged-current
muon neutrino interactions, we perform a dedicated search for extended neutrino
sources in the Galaxy. We find no evidence for time-integrated neutrino
emission from the potential extended sources studied in the Galactic plane. The
most significant location, at 2.6 post-trials, is a 1.7 sized
region coincident with the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source 3HWC J1951+266. We
provide strong constraints on hadronic emission from several regions in the
Galaxy.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables including an appendix. Accepted for
publication in Astrophysical Journa
Exploring Predictors of Outcome in the Psychosis Prodrome: Implications for Early Identification and Intervention
Functional disability is a key component of many psychiatric illnesses, particularly schizophrenia. Impairments in social and role functioning are linked to cognitive deficits, a core feature of psychosis. Retrospective analyses demonstrate that substantial functional decline precedes the onset of psychosis. Recent investigations reveal that individuals at clinical-high-risk (CHR) for psychosis show impairments in social relationships, work/school functioning and daily living skills. CHR youth also demonstrate a pattern of impairment across a range of cognitive domains, including social cognition, which is qualitatively similar to that of individuals with schizophrenia. While many studies have sought to elucidate predictors of clinical deterioration, specifically the development of schizophrenia, in such CHR samples, few have investigated factors relevant to psychosocial outcome. This review integrates recent findings regarding cognitive and social-cognitive predictors of outcome in CHR individuals, and proposes potential directions for future research that will contribute to targeted interventions and improved outcome for at-risk youth
Increased cell proliferation in the rat anterior cingulate cortex following neonatal hypoxia: relevance to schizophrenia
Improved treatment satisfaction and perceived metabolic control with insulin glargine, regardless of whether injected before breakfast, dinner or bedtime, in patients with Type 1 diabetes [Abstract 2925]
Burden of mortality and morbidity from dementia
The purpose of this study was to estimate severity-specific mortality and to quantify the global health burden of dementia by assessing the time spent disabled with dementia and the life years lost due to dementia. We used mortality data from the Rotterdam study, a population-based prospective study in the 55+-year age range to calculate overall and severity-specific excess mortality for the demented. Lost life years were calculated by decomposing the (mixed) Dutch life table of 1990-1992 in two populations, the demented and the healthy, using prevalence and excess (all cause) mortality. Healthy life loss was calculated by a modified Sullivan technique, weighting for disease severity. Our results indicated that mortality was increased in the demented, in all age, sex, and severity groups. Mortality rate ratios were 2.1 (men) and 2.3 (women), with ranges of 1.7-3.4 (men) and 2.0-3.1 (women), depending on severity. Fifty-five-year-old men lose 1.2 life years due to morbidity and mortality and 0.7 life years due to mortality resulting from dementia. Women lose 3.1 and 1.9 life years, respectively. This population-based study provides evidence that mortality is increased in the demented at all stages, including minimal dementia. The quantified health impact on the general population is in the same order as that of lung cancer or stroke