Bioinformatika: Trend dan Prospek dalam Pengembangan Keilmuan Biologi

PENDAHULUAN Tulisan ini terutama dimaksudkan untuk pengguna awal bioinformatika, termasuk mereka yang selama ini belum mengenal bioinformatika dan tertarik untuk memulainya[1]. Tapi bagi yang selama ini sudah menggeluti bioinformatika secara otodidak melalui internet terutama, cenderung mengalami kesalahan bila tidak memilki dasar-dasar yang kuat terhadap biologi molekuler atau menemui kebuntuan untuk melihat permasalahan biologi yang bisa dipecahkan dengan bioinformatika. Maka dari itu dengan penjelasan agak mendalam tentang prinsip biologi molekuler termasuk bagaimana data biologi molekuler itu didapatkan, diharapkan pembaca makalah ini bisa lebih optimal menggunakan bioinformatika khususnya menunjang pengembangan keilmuan biologi di Tanah Air[2]. [1] Witarto, A.B. Bioinformatika: Mengawinkan teknologi informasi dengan bioteknologi. Trendnya di dunia dan prospeknya di Indonesia. Disampaikan pada Seminar Seminar Teknologi Informasi diselenggarakan oleh MIFTA, Bogor, 9 Januari 2003. Bisa diunduh dari witarto.wordpress.com. [2] Witarto, A.B. Bioinformatics in Indonesia. Disampaikan pada First ASEAN-India Workshop on Bioinformatics di Center for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India, 7-11 November 2005. Bisa diunduh dari witarto.wordpress.co

Effect of Photoperiodicity on Co2 Fixation by Chlorella Vulgaris Buitenzorg in Bubble Column Photobioreactor for Food Supplement Production

To reduce the level of CO2 content in air, effort on converting CO2 to useful products is required. One of thealternatives includes CO2 fixation to produce biomass using Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg. Chlorella vulgarisBuitenzorg is applied for production of food supplement. Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg is also easy to handle due to itssuperior adaptation. Currently, Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg has been analyzed by some experts for its cellularcomposition, its ability to produce high quality biomass and the content of essential nutrition. A series of experimentswas conducted by culturing Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg using Beneck medium in bubbling column photobioreactor.The main variation in this experiment was photoperiodicity, where growth of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg wasexamined during photoperiodicity condition. The difference between CO2 gas concentration of inlet and outlet of thereactor during operational period, was compared to the same experiment under continuous illumination. Underphotoperiodicity of 8 and 9 h/d, the culture cell densities (N) were approximately 40 % higher than under continuousillumination. Final biomass density of Chlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg at 9 h/d illumination was 1.43 g/dm3, around 46%higher than under continuous illumination. Specific carbon dioxide transfer rate (qCO2) in photoperiodicity was 50-80%higher than under continuous illumination. These experiments showed that photoperiodicity affects the growth ofChlorella vulgaris Buitenzorg The specific growth rate (μ) by photoperiodicity was higher than that by continuousilumination while the growth period was two times longer. Based on the experiments, it can be concluded thatphotoperiodicity might save light energy consumption. The prediction of kinetic model under continuous illuminationas well as under photoperiodicity illumination showed that Haldane model became the fitted kinetic model

Efektivitas Probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 dan Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 Sebagai Pencegah Diare pada Tikus Percobaan

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 to prevent diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were daily orally administered by 108 cfu/ml of both probiotics without or simultaneously infected with EPEC (106 cfu/ml) for 7 days. Negative control was not infected by probiotic and EPEC while positive control was challenged with EPEC alone. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks, total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and E. coli of mucosa of cecum and cecum content were evaluated.  It was observed that rats administered by L. plantarum 2C12 and L. acidophilus 2B4 and challenged with EPEC had better performances when compared with the positive control for daily weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency rate. Diarrhea was determined by total of E. coli on cecum and watery fecal. Both probiotics could increase 1 log10 cfu/cm2 of total LAB on mucosa of cecum and also 1 log10 cfu/g of cecum content. Both probiotics also could reduce 1-3 log10 cfu/cm2 population of E.coli on mucosa of cecum and 1 log10 cfu/g of cecum content. L. plantarum 2C12 and L. acidophilus 2B4 were effective as probiotics against EPEC on rats

Efektivitas Probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 dan Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 Sebagai Pencegah Diare pada Tikus Percobaan

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 to prevent diarrhea caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were daily orally administered by 108 cfu/ml of both probiotics without or simultaneously infected with EPEC (106 cfu/ml) for 7 days. Negative control was not infected by probiotic and EPEC while positive control was challenged with EPEC alone. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks, total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and E. coli of mucosa of cecum and cecum content were evaluated. It was observed that rats administered by L. plantarum 2C12 and L. acidophilus 2B4 and challenged with EPEC had better performances when compared with the positive control for daily weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency rate. Diarrhea was determined by total of E. coli on cecum and watery fecal. Both probiotics could increase 1 log10 cfu/cm2 of total LAB on mucosa of cecum and also 1 log10 cfu/g of cecum content. Both probiotics also could reduce 1-3 log10 cfu/cm2 population of E.coli on mucosa of cecum and 1 log10 cfu/g of cecum content. L. plantarum 2C12 and L. acidophilus 2B4 were effective as probiotics against EPEC on rats