Hukum Adat Bali Di Tengah Modernisasi Pembangunan Dan Arus Budaya Global

Customary law Bali colored by particular religious elements of Hinduism is one of the common law system which is still applied in indigenous people in Bali with traditional village institutions as the tip of the spear. Modernization in Bali as a result of the development of the tourism industry teklah cause social change makes customary laws not only regulate traditional community life but also set the modern society in Bali are sometimes perceived conflict with the values of life in indigenous communities. From the results of a study of six Pakraman, namely Pakraman Kesiman, Sanur, Ubud, Tengipis, Sidan and Kuta obtained results that the Customary Law Bali tangible Awig-Awig have dynamic properties in the face of social change and in the system of Customary Law Bali is possible made pararem, which results Paruman pakraman villagers who used the rules to govern the lives of pakraman.Revitalization of Customary Law Bali conducted in a structured, systematic and massive violations will lead to the existence of Indigenous Bali becomes stronger so that it will be a result of Customary Law Bali major consideration in the decision making by the government.

Pelaksanaan Fungsi Legislasi oleh Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) Desa Peninjoan Kecamatan Tembuku Kabupaten Bangli

Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah menentukan bahwa desa telah menjadi daerah yang istimewa dan bersifat mandiri yang berada dalam wilayah kabupaten. Oleh karena desa memiliki kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan masyarakatnya, maka desa memiliki kewenangan untuk membuat dan menetapkan peraturan Perundang-undangan untuk lingkup desa, atau disebut dengan peraturan desa. Penetapan peraturan desa dilakukan oleh Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) bersama dengan Kepala Desa. BPD dalam menjalankan fungsi legislasinya memiliki peran yang sangat penting dan strategis dalam proses pemerintahan di desa karena BPD secara langsung dapat mempengaruhi dinamika kehidupan masyarakat desa, khususnya di Desa Peninjoan, Kabupaten Bangli.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peranan BPD di Desa Peninjoan dalam penyusunan Peraturan Desa belum berjalan secara optimal karena pembuatan peraturan desa di Desa Peninjoan yang dilakukan melalui proses penyerapan aspirasi, pembahasan dan penetapan, BPD hanya diposisikan sebagai lembaga penunjang dalam rangka pemenuhan syarat normatif dalam pembentukan peraturan desa. BPD dalam melaksanakan fungsi legislasi dalam praktiknya dipengaruhi faktor pendukung seperti pemerintah desa yang demokratis dan nilai-nilai yang hidup di masyarakat yang mendukung pelaksanaan fungsi legislasi BPD, serta dipengaruhi faktor penghambat yang meliputi Sumber Dana, Organisasi Eksternal dan SDM dari anggota BPD di Desa Peninjoan, Kabupaten Bangli

Pemberian Tepung Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) Dalam Ransum Sebagai Bahan Antibakteri Escherichia Coli Terhadap Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler

The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the utilization of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) in the diets as antibacterial agent and its effect on the weight viscera organ of broilers. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. One hundred and eighty birds of five week-old broiler were used in the present experiment, and thirty six birds were decapitated to measure the weight of viscera. On day four, experimental animals were divided into six group of treatments and were provided standard diet. The treatments were as follows, Escherichia coli (E.coli)-uninfected broiler without bay leaf (R0/positive control goup), E. coli-infected broiler without bay leaf (R1/negative control group), R1 + 1% bay leaf (R2), R1 + 2% bay leaf (R3), R1 + 3% bay leaf (R4), and R1 + 0.02% tetracycline (R5). The results showed that weight percentage of liver, spleen, heart, pancrease, bile and intestine were not affected by the addition of 1, 2 and 3% bay leaf (R2,R3 and R4) as compared to those of R0, R1 and R5. However, gizzard percentage of broiler given 3% bay leaf (R4) increased (P < 0.01) to the value same as that of R0 (2.31 vs 2.71%). The highly significant (P < 0.01) increased in weight percentage of kidney was also found due to the treatments, and the increase was significant (P < 0.05) when R5 compared to R2 and R4. The addition of 2% (R3) and 3% (R4) bay leaf and 0.02% tetracycline (R5), as compared to R0, R1 and R2, could depress the number of E. coli in the excreta. In conclusion, the addition of bay leaf up to 3% was able to minimize the number of E. coli in excreta without negatively affecting weight of viscera of broiler chickens

Effect of Sunflower Oil Supplementation as Unsaturated Fatty Acid Source on Rumen Fermentability and Performance of Lactating Garut Ewes

The study was aimed to evaluate the increasing levels of ration energy, with fat-rich unsaturated fatty acids from sunflower oil on the nutrient intake, rumen fermentability and performance of ewes. The experiment used fifteen ewes of 1.5 years old, primiparous, caged individually with their lambs and conducted three treatments and five replications from a completely randomized designed. Those treatments included R1= ration with 0% sunflower oil addition, R2= ration with 4%sunflower oil addition, R3= ration with 6% sunflower oil addition. The variables consisted of dry matter intake, nutrients, ewes performances (birth weight, weaning weight, decreased of body weight), total and partial VFA, the ratio of acetate: propionate, methane production, protozoa and bacterial population. Data were analyzed statistically and descriptively. The results showed that the treatments did not influence dry matter intake and nutrients,. rumen fermentability and ewes performances. Although the treatments increased (P<0.01) fatconsumption and reduced shrinkage of body weight. It can be concluded that the adding sunflower oil as the resource of unsaturated fatty acids up to 6% of the ration was not negatively affected the fermentability of rumen, moreover can improve ewes body condition and, accelerated body weight recover

Methane Mitigation and Microbial Diversity of Silage Diets Containing Calliandra calothyrsus in a Rumen in Vitro Fermentation System

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of silage based diets on methane (CH4) mitigation and microbial diversity in a rumen in vitro fermentation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. The dietary treatments consisted of varying levels of silage containing 50% Calliandra calothyrsus as follows K; 100% concentrate + pure tannic acid of 1 mg/mL, R1; 25% silage + 75% concentrate, R2; 50% silage + 50% concentrate, R3; 75% silage + 25% concentrate, and R4; 100% silage. The fermentation variables measured were total gas, CH4, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), VFAs, pH, N-NH3, number of protozoa, and microbial diversity analysis. Increasing level of silages reduced total gas production, CH4 concentration, IVOMD, index of bacterial diversity, protozoal number, total methanogens and Methanobacteriales population. Diet with 25% to 50% silage decreased CH4 concentration, total gas production and IVOMD by 11.43%, 24.92%, and 18.73%, respectively. Ammonia N and VFAs (except butyrate and valerate) were significantly reduced (

Forage Production and Nutrient Composition of Different Sorghum Varieties Cultivated with Indigofera in Intercropping System

The experiment  aimed to evaluate the production of nutrients  by different varieties of sorghum grown with high valuable indigofera legume  in intercropping system and to determine the suitable variety of sorghum that produced the highest nutrient in the system. The experiment was done at Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (UP3J) Jonggol, from November 2014 to March 2015. This experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with 2 factors (3 x 4) and 4 replications. The first factor was sorghum varieties (PATIR 3.2 (S1), PATIR 3.7 (S2), and CTY-33 (S3)). The second factor was indigofera composition (0% indigofera (I0), 30% indigofera (I1), 40% indigofera (I2), and 50% indigofera (I3)). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. There was no interaction among varieties of sorghum and indigofera composition. Indigofera population of up to 50%  in multiple cropping system had the highest (P&lt;0.01) dry matter content, crude protein content, ash content, total fresh weight production, total dry weight production, total crude protein production, total ash production, and carrying capacity. Sorghum variety CTY-33 planted in multiple cropping system had  the highest (P&lt;0.01) dry matter content, total dry weight production, and (P&lt;0.05) total crude protein production. PATIR 37 sorghum variety planted in multiple cropping system had  the highest (P&lt;0.05) ash content and (P&lt;0.01) total ash production.  It is concluded that Indigofera population of up to 50% planted with different varieties of sorghum in multiple cropping system had  the highest nutrient production

Hidrolisis Zat Makanan Pakan oleh Enzim Cairan Rumen Sapi Asal Rumah Potong Hewan

The objectives of this experiment were to identify enzymes in rumen liquor of local and imported cattle obtained from abattoir and evaluate the application of enzymes from rumen liquor of cattle against several local feedstuffs for broiler. Enzymes were extracted by combination method of filtration, centrifugation, and precipitation with ammonium sulphate. Doses of enzyme were used at level of 0% (without rumen liquor enzyme), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% (v/w). Optimum precipitation of the enzymes from local and imported cattle were reached at the concentration of 60 and 70 % of ammonium sulphate, respectively. Results showed that the enzymes were able to hydrolyze local feedstuffs and optimum level of enzymes for hydrolysis of rice bran, full fat soybean meal and copra meal was 2.5%, for cassava leaf meal and palm kernel meal was 2.0%, and optimum level of enzymes for broiler diet based on corn-soya was 1.0%. It is concluded that rumen liquor of cattle from abattoir contained cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, amylase, phytase and protease and the enzymes were able to hydrolyze local feedstuffs to improved quality of broiler diet composed of local feedstuffs

Pemberian Tepung Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) dalam Ransum Sebagai Bahan Antibakteri Escherichia coli terhadap Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler

The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the utilization of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) in the diets as antibacterial agent and its effect on the weight viscera organ of broilers. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. One hundred and eighty birds of five week-old broiler were used in the present experiment, and thirty six birds were decapitated to measure the weight of viscera. On day four, experimental animals were divided into six group of treatments and were provided standard diet. The treatments were as follows, Escherichia coli (E.coli)-uninfected broiler without bay leaf (R0/positive control goup), E. coli-infected broiler without bay leaf (R1/negative control group), R1 + 1% bay leaf (R2), R1 + 2% bay leaf (R3), R1 + 3% bay leaf (R4), and R1 + 0.02% tetracycline (R5). The results showed that weight percentage of liver, spleen, heart, pancrease, bile and intestine were not affected by the addition of 1, 2 and 3% bay leaf (R2,R3 and R4) as compared to those of R0, R1 and R5. However, gizzard percentage of broiler given 3% bay leaf (R4) increased (P < 0.01) to the value same as that of R0 (2.31 vs 2.71%). The highly significant (P < 0.01) increased in weight percentage of kidney was also found due to the treatments, and the increase was significant (P < 0.05) when R5 compared to R2 and R4. The addition of 2% (R3) and 3% (R4) bay leaf and 0.02% tetracycline (R5), as compared to R0, R1 and R2, could depress the number of E. coli in the excreta. In conclusion, the addition of bay leaf up to 3% was able to minimize the number of E. coli in excreta without negatively affecting weight of viscera of broiler chickens. Key words: Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp., tetracycline, Escherichia coli, viscer