The optimal position of a pumping station in the mining area based on the digital terrain model

The purpose of the work described in the article was to find the optimal location of the pumping station for the mining area Krzyżowice III Hard Coal Mine “Pniówek”. Mining exploitation causes lowering of the area and changes in water relations. Hence, it is necessary to perform a gravitational, and if it is impossible, forced outflow of water. Localization of the pumping station should assure removal of excess water and prevent flooding. Not only was the present relief taken into account, but also the entire period of the mine’s existence. On the basis of the results of airborne laser scanning a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated. Then a catchment division was made for the entire analyzed area. The article presents the workflow of performing the simulation as the area will be changed due to forecasted mining operations. A practical way to solve the problem of simplifying large amounts of data was also shown. The obtained source materials were developed with the use of the Geolisp software. The system operates in a CAD graphic environment and allows for automation of the most frequently performed works in the field of mining map preparation. The Geolisp cooperates with EDN-OPN program. Thanks to this fact it is possible to combine the obtained results of calculations of predicted deformations of the mining area and the rock mass with the digital map

Out-Of-Plane Displacements Determination Based on the Analysis of Point Clouds from TLS Using the M-Split Estimation

Building structures are exposed to the impact of various forces and natural phenomena. Earthquakes, heavy rains, displacements of land surrounding the building can have a significant and negative impact on the elements of buildings or entire construction objects. Terrestrial laser scanning technology can be successfully used to obtain data on changes in the structure of an object. This papier discusses the use of TLS as a measurement method for obtaining information on displacements and deformations that have occurred after heavy downpour. As a result of the rapid rain, the ground displacement occurred, which in effect led to damage to the retaining wall. The terrestrial laser scanning was used to measure the area covered by the displacements and the M-split method to model the obtained data

A Benchmarking Measurement Campaign to Support Ubiquitous Localization in GNSS Denied and Indoor Environments

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Down-Sampling of Point Clouds for the Technical Diagnostics of Buildings and Structures

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a non-destructive testing method for the technical assessment of existing structures. TLS has been successfully harnessed for monitoring technical surface conditions and morphological characteristics of historical buildings (e.g., the detection of cracks and cavities). TLS measurements with very high resolution should be taken to detect minor defects on the walls of buildings. High-resolution measurements are mostly needed in certain areas of interest, e.g., cracks and cavities. Therefore, reducing redundant information on flat areas without cracks and cavities is very important. In this case, automatic down-sampling of datasets according to the aforementioned criterion is required. This paper presents the use of the Optimum Dataset (OptD) method to optimize TLS dataset. A Leica ScanStation C10 time-of-flight scanner and a Z+F IMAGER 5016 phase-shift scanner were used during the research. The research was conducted on a specially prepared concrete sample and real object, i.e., a brick citadel located on the Kościuszko Mound in Cracow. The reduction of dataset by the OptD method and random method from TLS measurements were compared and discussed. The results prove that the large datasets from TLS diagnostic measurements of buildings and structures can be successfully optimized using the OptD method

Standard deviation as the optimization criterion in the OptD method and its influence on the generated DTM

Reduction of the measurement dataset is one of the current issues related to constantly developing technologies that provide large datasets, e.g. laser scanning. It could seems that presence and evolution of processors computer, increase of hard drive capacity etc. is the solution for development of such large datasets. And in fact it is, however, the “lighter” datasets are easier to work with. Additionally, reduced datasets can be exchange/transfer/download faster via internet or cloud stored. Therefore the issue of data reduction algorithms/methods is continuously relevant. In this paper authors presented the results of the study whether the standard deviation of measurement data can be used as optimization criterion in the process of dataset reduction conducted by means of the OptD method. The OptD is based on the cartographic generalization methods. In iterative process irrelevant points are being removed and those that characteristic are being preserved, what in results means more points in complex fragments of scanned object/surface and less in flat/uncomplicated area. Obtained reduced datasets were then the basis for DTMs generation. For DTMs assessment RMSE was calculated

Standard deviation as the optimization criterion in the OptD method and its influence on the generated DTM

Reduction of the measurement dataset is one of the current issues related to constantly developing technologies that provide large datasets, e.g. laser scanning. It could seems that presence and evolution of processors computer, increase of hard drive capacity etc. is the solution for development of such large datasets. And in fact it is, however, the “lighter” datasets are easier to work with. Additionally, reduced datasets can be exchange/transfer/download faster via internet or cloud stored. Therefore the issue of data reduction algorithms/methods is continuously relevant. In this paper authors presented the results of the study whether the standard deviation of measurement data can be used as optimization criterion in the process of dataset reduction conducted by means of the OptD method. The OptD is based on the cartographic generalization methods. In iterative process irrelevant points are being removed and those that characteristic are being preserved, what in results means more points in complex fragments of scanned object/surface and less in flat/uncomplicated area. Obtained reduced datasets were then the basis for DTMs generation. For DTMs assessment RMSE was calculated

Terrestial laser scaning in forest invetory based on OptD optimization method

Nowadays the time of acquiring spatial data is one of the most important parameters during measurements. Laser scanning technology makes it possible to record a huge number of measurement data in a relatively short time. Thus it is possible to acquire and update spatial data on large surface areas in a significantly shorter time compared to classical measurement methods. Terrestrial laser scanning can be used in forest inventory because measurements can acquire millimeter-level of detail. Thus measurement are performed quickly, automatically and provides periodical estimates of many important forest inventory attributes

The optimal position of a pumping station in the mining area based on the digital terrain model

The purpose of the work described in the article was to find the optimal location of the pumping station for the mining area Krzyżowice III Hard Coal Mine “Pniówek”. Mining exploitation causes lowering of the area and changes in water relations. Hence, it is necessary to perform a gravitational, and if it is impossible, forced outflow of water. Localization of the pumping station should assure removal of excess water and prevent flooding. Not only was the present relief taken into account, but also the entire period of the mine’s existence. On the basis of the results of airborne laser scanning a digital terrain model (DTM) was generated. Then a catchment division was made for the entire analyzed area. The article presents the workflow of performing the simulation as the area will be changed due to forecasted mining operations. A practical way to solve the problem of simplifying large amounts of data was also shown. The obtained source materials were developed with the use of the Geolisp software. The system operates in a CAD graphic environment and allows for automation of the most frequently performed works in the field of mining map preparation. The Geolisp cooperates with EDN-OPN program. Thanks to this fact it is possible to combine the obtained results of calculations of predicted deformations of the mining area and the rock mass with the digital map

Orthogonal Msplit Estimation for Consequence Disaster Analysis

Nowadays, the data processing used for analyzing multifaceted disasters is based on technologies of mass observation acquisition. Terrestrial laser scanning is one of those technologies and enables the quick, non-invasive acquisition of information about an object after a disaster. This manuscript presents an improvement in the approach to the reconstruction and modeling of objects, based on data obtained by terrestrial laser scanning presented by the authors in previous work, as a method for the detection and dimensioning of the displacement of adjacent planes. The original Msplit estimation implemented in previous research papers has a specific limitation: the functional model must be selected very carefully in terms of the mathematical description of the estimated model and its data structure. As a result, using Msplit estimation on data from laser scanners is not a universal approach. The solution to this problem is the orthogonal Msplit estimation method proposed by the authors. The authors propose a new solution: the orthogonal Msplit estimation (OMsplit). The authors propose a modification of the existing method using orthogonal regression and the Nelder–Mead function as the minimization function. The implementation of orthogonal regression facilitates the avoidance of misfitting in cases of unfavorable data acquisition because the corrections are calculated perpendicularly to the estimated plane. The Nelder–Mead method was introduced to the orthogonal Msplit estimation due to it being more robust to the local minimum of the objective function than the LS method. To present the results, the authors simulated the data measurement of a retaining wall that was damaged after a disaster (violent storm) using a terrestrial laser scanner and their own software. The conducted research confirmed that the OMsplit estimation can be successfully used in the two-plane detection of terrestrial laser scanning data. It allows one to conduct the correct separation of the data set into two sets and to match the planes to the appropriate data set

Methodology for the measurement and 3D modelling of cultural heritage: a case study of the Monument to the Polish Diaspora Bond with the Homeland

The documentation of cultural heritage objects requires a special approach, as does the collection of materials describing a monument over a period of time. With the development of measurement and information technologies, such documentation can be supplemented by a digital model of the object, a 3D visualization in a computer environment, or a miniature, scaled 3D printout. This paper presents a methodology for developing the 3D documentation of the Monument to the Polish Diaspora Bond with the Homeland, a sculpture located in Koszalin, Poland. In the study, terrestrial laser scanning supplemented with photos was used for non-invasive measurements, and existing free software was used to generate a 3D model. The results of the study can supplement the technical documentation of an object so as to preserve its characteristic features and ease the conservation of monuments. The proposed approach to modelling 3D monuments can be used to create HBIM documentation