A scenario of pulsed ecrh wall conditioning in hydrogen for the Wendelstein 7-X helias

A new wall conditioning scenario in hydrogen atmosphere for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator-helias (W7-X) has been proposed and tested in part. Feasibility of the proposed scenario has been demonstrated on W7-X at OP1.2b experimental campaign during investigation of a chain of ultra-short pulsed electron cyclotron resonance heating plasma discharges.Був запропонований і випробуваний новий сценарій кондиціонування стінки в атмосфері водню для стеларатора-хеліаса Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). Застосовано принцип кондиціонування стінок камери атомарним воднем, виробленим в плазмі, який хімічно взаємодіє з домішками, адсорбованими на поверхні камери, зверненої до плазми. Можливість реалізації запропонованого сценарію було підтверджено на W7-X під час експериментальної кампанії OP1.2b при дослідженні ланцюжка ультракоротких імпульсів з нагріванням за допомогою електронного циклотронного резонансу.Был предложен и испытан новый сценарий кондиционирования стенки в атмосфере водорода для стелларатора-хелиаса Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). Использован принцип кондиционирования стенок камеры атомарным водородом, производимым в плазме, который химически взаимодействует с примесями, адсорбированными на поверхности камеры, обращенной к плазме. Возможность реализации предложенного сценария была подтверждена на W7-X во время экспериментальной кампании OP1.2b при изучении цепочки ультракоротких импульсов в плазме с нагревом в условиях электронного циклотронного резонанса

LHS 1815b: The First Thick-disk Planet Detected by TESS

We report the first discovery of a thick-disk planet, LHS 1815b (TOI-704b, TIC 260004324), detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) survey. LHS 1815b transits a bright (V = 12.19 mag, K = 7.99 mag) and quiet M dwarf located 29.87 ± 0.02 pc away with a mass of 0.502 ± 0.015 M o˙ and a radius of 0.501 ± 0.030 R o˙. We validate the planet by combining space- and ground-based photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging. The planet has a radius of 1.088 ± 0.064 R ⊕ with a 3σ mass upper limit of 8.7 M ⊕. We analyze the galactic kinematics and orbit of the host star LHS 1815 and find that it has a large probability (P thick/P thin = 6482) to be in the thick disk with a much higher expected maximal height (Z max = 1.8 kpc) above the Galactic plane compared with other TESS planet host stars. Future studies of the interior structure and atmospheric properties of planets in such systems using, for example, the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, can investigate the differences in formation efficiency and evolution for planetary systems between different Galactic components (thick disks, thin disks, and halo)

Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) Study: Study Design

The Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) is a national prospective study of adults comprising 14 established US prospective cohort studies. Starting as early as 1971, investigators in the C4R cohort studies have collected data on clinical and subclinical diseases and their risk factors, including behavior, cognition, biomarkers, and social determinants of health. C4R links this pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phenotyping to information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and acute and postacute COVID-related illness. C4R is largely population-based, has an age range of 18-108 years, and reflects the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic diversity of the United States. C4R ascertains SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 illness using standardized questionnaires, ascertainment of COVID-related hospitalizations and deaths, and a SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey conducted via dried blood spots. Master protocols leverage existing robust retention rates for telephone and in-person examinations and high-quality event surveillance. Extensive prepandemic data minimize referral, survival, and recall bias. Data are harmonized with research-quality phenotyping unmatched by clinical and survey-based studies; these data will be pooled and shared widely to expedite collaboration and scientific findings. This resource will allow evaluation of risk and resilience factors for COVID-19 severity and outcomes, including postacute sequelae, and assessment of the social and behavioral impact of the pandemic on long-term health trajectories

Efficacy and Safety of Three Antiretroviral Regimens for Initial Treatment of HIV-1: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Diverse Multinational Settings

Background:Antiretroviral regimens with simplified dosing and better safety are needed to maximize the efficiency of antiretroviral delivery in resource-limited settings. We investigated the efficacy and safety of antiretroviral regimens with once-daily compared to twice-daily dosing in diverse areas of the world.Methods and Findings:1,571 HIV-1-infected persons (47% women) from nine countries in four continents were assigned with equal probability to open-label antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz plus lamivudine-zidovudine (EFV+3TC-ZDV), atazanavir plus didanosine-EC plus emtricitabine (ATV+DDI+FTC), or efavirenz plus emtricitabine-tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (DF) (EFV+FTC-TDF). ATV+DDI+FTC and EFV+FTC-TDF were hypothesized to be non-inferior to EFV+3TC-ZDV if the upper one-sided 95% confidence bound for the hazard ratio (HR) was ≤1.35 when 30% of participants had treatment failure.An independent monitoring board recommended stopping study follow-up prior to accumulation of 472 treatment failures. Comparing EFV+FTC-TDF to EFV+3TC-ZDV, during a median 184 wk of follow-up there were 95 treatment failures (18%) among 526 participants versus 98 failures among 519 participants (19%; HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.72-1.27; p = 0.74). Safety endpoints occurred in 243 (46%) participants assigned to EFV+FTC-TDF versus 313 (60%) assigned to EFV+3TC-ZDV (HR 0.64, CI 0.54-0.76; p<0.001) and there was a significant interaction between sex and regimen safety (HR 0.50, CI 0.39-0.64 for women; HR 0.79, CI 0.62-1.00 for men; p = 0.01). Comparing ATV+DDI+FTC to EFV+3TC-ZDV, during a median follow-up of 81 wk there were 108 failures (21%) among 526 participants assigned to ATV+DDI+FTC and 76 (15%) among 519 participants assigned to EFV+3TC-ZDV (HR 1.51, CI 1.12-2.04; p = 0.007).Conclusion: EFV+FTC-TDF had similar high efficacy compared to EFV+3TC-ZDV in this trial population, recruited in diverse multinational settings. Superior safety, especially in HIV-1-infected women, and once-daily dosing of EFV+FTC-TDF are advantageous for use of this regimen for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection in resource-limited countries. ATV+DDI+FTC had inferior efficacy and is not recommended as an initial antiretroviral regimen.Trial Registration:http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00084136

Bifurcation-analysis of solutal convection during directional solidification

Techniques of bifurcation theory are used to analyze the possible forms of steady, two-dimensional, buoyancy-driven flow present during the vertical directional solidification of a dilute binary mixture. Morphological instabilities of the crystal-melt interface are ignored and the interface is assumed to be planar. The focus of the study concerns the effect of lateral confinement on the flow patterns observable in this simple model system. The use of a time-dependent numerical scheme by McFadden and Coriell [Proceedings of the First National Fluid Dynamics Congress, Cincinnati (AIAA, Washington, DC, 1988), p. 1572] to investigate this same problem resulted in gaps in the bifurcation structure, because unstable steady states exist that cannot be computed by their method. The present work extends and completes the description of the possible steady states. In particular, the complex modal exchanges that occur as the separation between the lateral walls varies are elucidated, and stable flow regimes and the sensitivity of the results to the closure condition at the upper boundary are determined

An orthogonal mapping technique for the solution of free-boundary problems

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:9091.9F(AERE-M--3731) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

A scenario of pulsed ECRH wall conditioning in hydrogen for the Wendelstein 7-X helias

A new wall conditioning scenario in hydrogen atmosphere for the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator-helias (W7-X) has been proposed and tested in part. Feasibility of the proposed scenario has been demonstrated on W7-X at OP1.2b experimental campaign during investigation of a chain of ultra-short pulsed electron cyclotron resonance heating plasma discharges.Був запропонований і випробуваний новий сценарій кондиціонування стінки в атмосфері водню для стеларатора-хеліаса Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). Застосовано принцип кондиціонування стінок камери атомарним воднем, виробленим в плазмі, який хімічно взаємодіє з домішками, адсорбованими на поверхні камери, зверненої до плазми. Можливість реалізації запропонованого сценарію було підтверджено на W7-X під час експериментальної кампанії OP1.2b при дослідженні ланцюжка ультракоротких імпульсів з нагріванням за допомогою електронного циклотронного резонансу.Был предложен и испытан новый сценарий кондиционирования стенки в атмосфере водорода для стелларатора-хелиаса Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). Использован принцип кондиционирования стенок камеры атомарным водородом, производимым в плазме, который химически взаимодействует с примесями, адсорбированными на поверхности камеры, обращенной к плазме. Возможность реализации предложенного сценария была подтверждена на W7-X во время экспериментальной кампании OP1.2b при изучении цепочки ультракоротких импульсов в плазме с нагревом в условиях электронного циклотронного резонанса