Motives and values of immigrant students: The case of Russian immigrants in Israel; cultural and social variables

The purpose of this research was to explore the motives, values and expectations of Israeli Russian immigrant students and their parents who emigrated from Russia in the 1990s. Instruments administered to the students included the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)--a projective measure for assessing motives (Murray, 1938). The Thematic Apperception Test required the students to create imaginative stories in response to a series of four pictures. In addition, the students were asked to answer a Student questionnaire. The instrument administered to the parents included a Parent questionnaire. The questionnaires were used to evaluate values, expectations and opinions. The study took place in an afternoon school called the "Impulse School". All the teachers and students attending this school are Russian, and the lessons are all in Russian. Ninety-nine students participated in this study. The majority of students were ages 10-11. This group included both genders. One hundred and four parents took part in this study. Fifty-nine parents have a child who participated in the study. Every one of the parents has children attending the "Impulse School". The data from the Parent and Student questionnaires shows a lack of relationship between parent-student pairs. The adults and students have different perceptions of the academic expectations and evaluations of the students' functioning. The students perceive their parents to have higher expectations and they evaluate their schoolwork higher than their parents. The only similarity between parents and students was in both groups' definitions of success. The majority of students and parents defined success in achievement terms. This study reveals the parents' perception of the Israeli educational system as being academically weaker than the Russian one. The results agree with McClelland's (1987) assertion that correlation between the two types of measures---the projective and unconscious TAT, and the direct and conscious questionnaires, is quite low. The majority of TAT stories expose negative feelings associated with achievement motivation. By contrast, the questionnaires show that the students value good grades and express academic self-confidence. Many of the stories did not focus on achievement motivation but on the affiliation motive, despite the fact that three out of four pictures were supposed to arouse achievement themes

Contribution of Nurse Practitioners to Ambulatory Specialty Care

The presence of nurse practitioners in ambulatory specialty care is growing, but few studies have systematically examined the role and contribution of nurse practitioners in these settings. This dissertation aims to explore the role and contribution of nurse practitioners in ambulatory specialty care. Chapter 1 is a qualitative exploration of the role and contribution of nurse practitioners in ambulatory medical and surgical specialties, beyond providing billable visits. This study identified five themes regarding nurse practitioner contribution: care coordination and promoting patient care continuity, promoting departmental continuity, institutional historical and insider knowledge, addressing time-sensitive issues, and participating in leadership and quality improvement activities. Chapter 2 quantifies non-billable activities performed by advanced practice providers (nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists and physician assistants) in ambulatory care settings, in regard to their number and duration. It also includes a brief qualitative exploration of these activities. Findings of this study showed that advanced practice providers spend significant amounts of time on these activities, the majority of which relate to orders, chart review, and documentation. Chapter 3 identifies some key differences between nurse practitioners in primary care settings and in non-primary care settings in the state of California, in order to better understand how the role of nurse practitioners in these settings differ. This study showed that nurse practitioner practicing in non-primary care settings have lower odds of reporting time as a barrier to practice, lower odds of reporting practice to full scope, and higher odds of reporting a hierarchical or supervisory relationship with the physician, compared with nurse practitioners in primary care settings. Further understanding of the role and contribution of nurse practitioners and other healthcare providers in specialty care settings will facilitate optimal use of their skills and training to maximize the provision of high-quality healthcare to patients and populations

"You're still worth it": The moral and relational context of politically motivated unfriending decisions in online networks.

Political disagreements in social media can result in removing (i.e., "unfriending") a person from one's online network. Given that such actions could lead to the (ideological) homogenization of networks, it is pivotal to understand the psychological processes intertwined in unfriending decisions. This requires not only addressing different types of disagreements but also analyzing them in the relational context they occur. This article proposes that political disagreements leading to drastic measures such as unfriending are attributable to more deeply rooted moral dissents. Based on moral foundations theory and relationship regulation research, this work presents empirical evidence from two experiments. In both studies, subjects rated political statements (that violated different moral foundations) with regard to perceived reprehensibility and the likelihood of unfriending the source. Study 1 (N = 721) revealed that moral judgments of a political statement are moderately related to the unfriending decision. Study 2 (N = 822) replicated this finding but indicated that unfriending is less likely when the source of the morally reprehensible statement is relationally close to the unfriender and provides emotional support. This research extends unfriending literature by pointing to morality as a new dimension of analysis and offers initial evidence uncovering the psychological trade-off behind the decision of terminating digital ties. Drawing on this, our findings inform research on the homogenization of online networks by indicating that selective avoidance (in the form of politically motivated unfriending) is conditional upon the relational context and the interpersonal benefits individuals receive therein

PPE Portraits - a Way to Humanize Personal Protective Equipment

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has skyrocketed, as providers don masks, glasses, and gowns to protect their eyes, noses, and mouths from COVID-19. Yet these same facial features express human individuality, and are crucial to nonverbal communication. Isolated ICU patients may develop post intensive-care syndrome, which mimics PTSD with sometimes debilitating consequences. While far from a complete solution, PPE Portraits (disposable portrait picture stickers - 4 x 5 ) have the potential to humanize care. Preparing for a larger effectiveness evaluation on patient and provider experience, we collected initial qualitative implementation insights during Spring 2020\u27s chaotic surge preparation. Front-line providers reported more comfort with patient interactions while wearing PPE Portraits: It makes it feel less like a disaster zone [for the patient]. A brief pilot showed signs of significant adoption: a participating physician requested PPE Portraits at their clinic, shift nurses had taken PPE Portraits with them to inpatient services, and masked medical assistant team-members requested PPE Portraits to wear over scrubs. We believe PPE Portraits may support patient care and health, and even potentially healthcare team function and provider wellness. While we await data on these effects, we hope hospitals can use our findings to speed their own implementation testing

Loss of IL-1β impairs neutrophil recruitment to the gut during <i>Salmonella</i> infection.

(A) Pathway analysis of transcripts that are down-regulated in colonic tissue of Salmonella-infected IL-1β -/- according to GO biological function. Bars represent -log (P value) and dots represent number of genes in pathway. (B) Heatmap depicting differentially expressed innate immune genes with a P C, D) Numbers of NE-positive (C) and myeloperoxidase-positive (D) cells in colonic section of Salmonella-infected mice 4 d.p.i. Each dot represents a mouse. (E) Representative immunohistochemistry images of colonic section from Salmonella-infected mice stained with anti-neutrophil elastase antibody. Scale bar, 50 μm. (F) % of neutrophils out of total circulating WBC and (G) concentration of neutrophils in serum of WT and IL-1β -/- mice infected as indicated 4 d.p.i. *P P P P C and D) Student’s t test. (F and G) One-way ANOVA. d.p.i., days post-infection; S. Tm, Salmonella typhimurium. These data are representative of 2 independent experiments. Numerical values are in S1 Data. The underlying data for this figure can be found at GSE252071. NE, neutrophil elastase; WT, wild-type.</p

Preservation of fatty acid beta-oxidation in <i>IL-1β</i> ^<i>-/-</i> mice inhibits <i>Salmonella</i> growth in vivo.

(A) Pathway analysis of transcripts that are up-regulated in colonic tissue of Salmonella-infected IL-1β -/- according to GO biological function. Bars represent -log (P value) and dots represent number of genes in pathway. (B) Heatmap depicting differentially expressed genes involved in fatty acid oxidation with a P C) Heatmap depicting differentially expressed genes in the glycolysis pathway with a P D) Immunofluorescence microscopy of colonic section from mice. Red staining shows pimonidazole that indicates hypoxia levels. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 50 μm. (E) Quantification of red signal in (D). Each dot represents a mouse. (F) Salmonella C.F.U. in cecal contents of infected mice 4 d.p.i. treated as indicated. Each dot represents a mouse. **P P E) one-way ANOVA; (F) Mann–Whitney test. d.p.i., days post-infection; S. Tm, Salmonella typhimurium. These data are representative of 2 independent experiments. Numerical values are in S1 Data. The underlying data for this figure can be found at GSE252071.</p

Vancomycin treatment depletes SCFA-producing <i>Clostridia</i> in mice.

16S rRNA sequencing was performed to characterize gut microbiota composition of mice treated with vancomycin for 3 days. Relative abundance (left) and absolute OTU reads (right) of SCFA-producing members of the Clostridia class at the family level. Each symbol represents a mouse. OTU, operational taxonomic unit. These data are representative of 1 experiment. **P t test. Numerical values are in S1 Data. (TIFF)</p

Expression of <i>IL-1β</i> correlates with expression of the C3 receptor gene in sepsis patients.

(A–E) Analysis of whole-blood transcriptional microarray data from healthy humans treated intravenously with 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (GSE134356). (F–J) Analysis of whole-blood RNA sequencing data from hospitalized sepsis patients and healthy controls (GSE154918). (K–M) Analysis of whole-blood transcriptional microarray data from patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis, without sepsis, or healthy controls (GSE134347). Each dot represents a patient. **P P P A–C and F–H) Student’s t test. (D, E, and I–M) Simple linear regression. TPM, transcripts per million. Numerical values are in S1 Data. ICU, intensive care unit; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.</p