Paleontology of the Oligocene of the Chehalis Valley, Washington. By Katherine E. H. Van Winkle

"The work is highly technical. Twenty-two new species of prehistoric creatures are described and figured.

\u3cem\u3eAtkins v. Virginia\u3c/em\u3e at Twenty: Still Adaptive Deficits, Still in the Developmental Period

Twenty years ago, in Atkins v. Virginia, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Eighth Amendment prohibited states from executing persons with intellectual disability. While the Court’s decision is laudable and has saved many of the most vulnerable persons from the executioner, its effect has been undermined by recalcitrant states attempting to exploit language in the opinion permitting states to create procedures to implement the (then) new categorical prohibition. In this article, we examine how some states have adopted procedures which are fundamentally inconsistent with the clinical consensus understanding of the disability and how one state, Georgia, has through the use of juries and a crippling burden of proof, rendered Atkins a nullity. Although the Court has intervened to prohibit some of these practices, it has not granted certiorari to consider others, including Georgia’s. And due to limits the Court has put on federal habeas corpus relief, many persons who fall within the Court’s categorical bar prohibiting persons with intellectual disability from being sentenced to death or executed, have no effective state or federal remedy

Factors Affecting the Degradation Processes for Dextran

Author Institution: Departments of Bacteriology and Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus 1

Paleontology of the Oligocene of the Chehalis Valley, Washington. By Katherine E. H. Van Winkle

"The work is highly technical. Twenty-two new species of prehistoric creatures are described and figured.

Do parental resources moderate the relationship between women's income and timing of parenthood?

Previous research has concentrated on the associations between higher incomes and delayed entry into parenthood, disadvantaged family background and early childbirth, and the availability of public childcare and fertility. This paper examines the extent to which parental resources moderate the relationship between women's income and entry into parenthood, comparing two countries with very different levels of public family support: Finland and the United States. We use Cox regressions with data from the 1979 US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Finnish Census Panel data to demonstrate both striking similarities and differences between the two countries. First, high-income women from disadvantaged backgrounds postpone entry into parenthood in both countries. Second, high parental resources are associated with postponed entry into parenthood among low-income women. However, we find differences between the two countries regarding which parental resource is most influential. While parental income is important in the US, parental education matters most in Finland

A twist in chiral interaction between biological helices

Using an exact solution for the pair interaction potential, we show that long, rigid, chiral molecules with helical surface charge patterns have a preferential interaxial angle ~((RH)^1/2)/L, where L is the length of the molecules, R is the closest distance between their axes, and H is the helical pitch. Estimates based on this formula suggest a solution for the puzzle of small interaxial angles in a-helix bundles and in cholesteric phases of DNA.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, PDF file onl

The Cytotoxicity and Mode of Action of 2,3,4-Trisubstituted Pyrroles and Related Derivatives in Human Tmolt4 Leukemia Cells

4-Carbechoxy-l-methyl-2-phenacyl-3-phenylpyrrole (9), 4-carbethoxy-2-(4-methoxybcnzoyl)-3-(4-methoxyphcnyl)pyrrole (10) and 2-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-3,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrole (11) proved to be potent cytotoxic agents against the growth of murine and human leukemias and lymphomas. Selective toxicity was demonstrated against the growth of solid tumors, e.g. human adenocarcinoma of the colon SW480 and ileum HCT-8, glioma U-87-MG, and rat UMR-106 osteosarcoma. A mode of action study in Tmolt4 leukemia cells demonstrated that the agents inhibited de novo purine synthesis at the regulatory sites PRPP-amido transferase, IMP dehydrogenase as well as dihydrofolate reductase resulting in significant inhibition of DNA synthesis in 60 min. Other biochemical sites which were affected significantly were thymidylate synthetase, DNA polymerase a, RNA polymerases, nucleoside kinase and ribonucleoside reductase