ACUTE TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF DIFLUBENZURON TO Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata AND Lemna minor IN THE ABSENCE AND PRESENCE OF SEDIMENT

Parasitoses in fish farming are treated by the application of pesticides formulations commonly used in agriculture or veterinary medicine. For the control of ectoparasites, that cause economic losses to the fish production Diflubenzuron is utilized by direct application into water at a 2 mg.L-1 concentration. However, this practice can intoxicate non-target species. This research aimed at determining the acute toxicity of diflubenzuron to Daphnia magna, Poecilia reticulata and Lemna minor; evaluating its environmental risk and defining the role of the sediment in the bioavailability of this insecticide in the water. Results of the study implicate diflubenzuron as being extremely toxic to D. magna. However, no significant toxicity was observed in P. reticulata and L. minor. Bioavailability of this insecticide was significantly reduced by the presence of sediment in the water

O valor do eletroencefalograma na avaliação de suspeitas de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças com epilepsia

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the performance of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the prediction of suspected neuropsychomotor development delay in children under five years old with positive selection for epilepsy. METHOD: A sample of 1687 (73.8%) children of a cohort of live births in 2003 in Passo Fundo / RS has been screened in houses to detect seizures. The identified cases were referred to Neurological Interview for Epilepsy, evaluation of psychomotor development with the Denver II test and EEG examination. It was calculated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of EEG, taking as gold standard the clinical evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 541 (32%) children with positive screening, 59 had seizures and 37 were evaluated by both methods (Denver II test and EEG). From this group 69% had altered EEG and 84,8% suspected development delay, with significant association (pOBJETIVOS: avaliar o desempenho do Eletroencefalograma (EEG) na predição de suspeitas de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade com triagem positiva para epilepsia. MÉTODO: uma amostra de 1687 (73,8%) crianças de uma coorte de nascidos vivos no ano de 2003 em Passo Fundo/RS foi rastreada nos domicílios para detecção de crises convulsivas. Os casos identificados foram encaminhados para a Entrevista Neurológica para Epilepsia, avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor com o Teste de Denver II e exame eletroencefalográfico. Calculou-se a sensibilidade, a especificidade e valor preditivo do EEG, tomando-se como padrão-ouro a avaliação clínica. RESULTADOS: das 541 (32%) crianças com rastreamento positivo, 59 apresentaram crises convulsivas e 37 realizaram o Teste de Denver II e EEG. Constatou-se 68,9% de EEG alterados e 84,8% de suspeitas de atraso de desenvolvimento, com associação significativa (

Aspectos ecotoxicológicos dos inseticidas diflubenzuron e teflubenzuron para o pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

Dentre os agrotóxicos comumente utilizados na piscicultura para controle de ectoparasitos e insetos aquáticos, destacam-se o diflubenzuron (Dimilin®) e o teflubenzuron (Nomolt®), inseticidas com ação reguladora do crescimento. Na aqüicultura, o tratamento com inseticidas pode ser realizado com a aplicação direta na água, ou administração na ração dos animais. Apesar de muito utilizados, poucos são os trabalhos sobre ecotoxicologia, comportamento e bioacumulação do diflubenzuron (DFB) e teflubenzuron (TFB) na água e seus efeitos em organismos aquáticos de clima tropical. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: estimar a toxicidade (CL(50-96h)) do DFB e TFB para o pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), calcular o risco alimentar para o consumo humano, determinar resíduos de DFB e TFB na água, sedimento e músculo de pacus, após a exposição aos inseticidas na água ou na ração dos peixes e analisar a atividade hepática das enzimas glutationa-S-transefrase (GST) e catalase (CAT) em pacus alimentados com ração acrescida de DFB ou TFB. A CL50;96h do DFB para o pacu foi superior a 1200 mg.L-1 e a do TFB, superior a 1000 mg.L-1. Os resíduos de DFB foram detectáveis até 7 dias após a aplicação (com 18,3% de resíduo) e para o TFB, foram detectáveis ate o terceiro dia (8% de resíduo). No sedimento, as maiores concentrações de DFB e TFB foram observadas nas primeiras 24 h e em todos os períodos amostrados foram detectados resíduos dos inseticidas. Nos filés dos pacus foram detectados resíduos dos inseticidas após a alimentação com a ração tratada e após aplicação de DFB e TFB na água. A ingestão diária estimada (IDE) de DFB e TFB encontra-se acima dos valores de ingestão diária aceitável (IDA), mesmo para as amostras com menores valores de resíduos detectados nos filés do pacu. Em relação aos biomarcadores bioquímicos...Diflubenzuron and teflubenzuron are growth regulator inhibitors insecticides, used to control ectoparasites in fish and aquatic insects. In aquaculture these pesticides can be injected directly in the water or in the fish food. Besides their large utilization, there are few works about the effects of these insecticides on the fish metabolism and biomagfication, especially in tropical aquatic organisms. This study aims to: evaluate the acute toxicities (LC(50-96h)) in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), measure the risk food for human consumption, determinate residues of DFB and TFB in water, sediment and muscle of pacus after the management of the insect-powders on water or in the fish food and to analyze the hepatical activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in fishes fed with ration plus DFB or TFB. The LC((50- 96h)) of DFB and TFB for the pacu was higher than 1.200 mg.L-1 and 1.000 mg.L-1, respectively. The residues TFB were detected until the thirth day (8% of residue) and DFB until seventh day after application in the water (18,3% of residue). In the sediment, the highest concentrations of DFB and TFB had been observed in the first 24 h and in all the samplings there were . In muscle of pacus, residues of the insecticides had been detected after the feeding with the ration treated and after application to DFB and TFB in the water. The daily ingestion estimate (DIE) of DFB and TFB meets above of the values of acceptable daily ingestion (DAI), exactly for the samples with lesser values of residues detected in filés of pacu. For the enzymes the CAT activity was not affected by both pesticides, but the GST activity was reduced five days after the feeding. Besides the importance of the evaluation of the toxicity of DFB and TFB for the fish, the determination of residues and the alimentary risk, it can subsidize the determination of measures of sanitary... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Swimbladder abnormalities in piapara (Leporinus obtusidens) captured downstream of the Funil Dam

Fish damage in hydroelectric stations has been extensively reported, but further investigations focusing on Brazilian migratory species, especially large fish, are needed. The present study describes swimbladder abnormalities in piapara Leporinus obtusidens, a migratory physoclistous species, collected downstream from the Funil Hydroelectric station dam, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 117 specimens collected were dissected for swimbladder evaluation in the coelomic cavity. The abnormalities detected in 14 of the fish (12%) were swimbladder rupture with exteriorization (N = 12) and formation of sac-like projections (N = 2). The specimens that had swimbladder abnormalities weighed over 1300 g for both sexes. These abnormalities may be caused by bladder infections, however, inflammation process were not detected in these fish. The presence of anomalies in swimbladder suggests that the individuals were subjected to sudden depressurization, possibly related to passage through the turbines. Further comparative studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis