Identification of Secondary Metabolites Compounds From Nampu (Homalomena rosrata Griff.)

Abstract: Nampu (Homalomena rosrata Griff.) is traditionally used to increase sexual activity for men. However, the lack of scientific information on the phytochemical content of Nampu plants needs further research on the secondary metabolite compounds for isolation and identification purposes. The phytochemical screening of raw material, ethanol extract, and water fraction shows positive results for flavonoid, tannin, polyphenol, quinone, monoterpenoid-sesquiterpenoid, and steroid-triterpenoid groups. The chloroform fractions were monitored by the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method with the addition of KOH 5%. The results showed a blue spot under UV light at 365 nm after the addition of KOH 5%. The fraction was purified by a preparative thin-layer chromatography method (TLC-P), while the isolates' purity was tested by the two-dimensional TLC method and TLC with three different phases of mobile phases. The results of the analysis with the spectrophotometer UV-Visible showed the wavelength of 278.8 nm and 213.2 nm. In addition, the functional group analysis using the I.R. spectrometer showed O.H. stretch at wave numbers 3419.79 cm-1, aromatic C-H at wave number 2922.16 cm-1, C = O at the wave number 1672.28 cm-1, strain C = C aromatic at the wave number 1585.49 cm-1. Based on TLC and spectrophotometric data, the isolates were coumarin compounds.Abstrak: Nampu (Homalomena rosrata Griff.) secara tradisional digunakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas seksual pria. Namun, kurangnya informasi ilmiah tentang kandungan fitokimia tanaman Nampu, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut tentang senyawa metabolit sekunder untuk tujuan isolasi dan identifikasi. Penapisan fitokimia bahan baku, ekstrak etanol dan fraksi air menunjukkan hasil positif untuk golongan flavonoid, tanin, polifenol, kuinon, monoterpenoid-seskuiterpenoid, dan steroid-triterpenoid. Fraksi kloroform dipantau dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan penambahan KOH 5%. Hasilnya menunjukkan bercak berwarna biru di bawah lampu U.V. 365 nm. Fraksi dimurnikan dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (KLT-P), sedangkan kemurnian isolat diuji dengan metode KLT dua dimensi dan KLT dengan tiga fase gerak yang berbeda. Hasil analisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Visible menunjukkan panjang gelombang 278,8 nm dan 213,2 nm. Selain itu, analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan spektrometer infra merah menunjukkan adanya gugus OH, regangan pada bilangan gelombang 3419,79 cm-1, C-H aromatik pada bilangan gelombang 2922,16 cm-1, C = O pada bilangan gelombang 1672,28 cm-1, regangan C = C aromatik pada bilangan gelombang 1585,49 cm-1. Berdasarkan data KLT dan spektrofotometri, diduga isolat merupakan golongan senyawa kumarin.Nampu (Homalomena rosrata Griff.) secara tradisional digunakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas seksual pria. Namun, kurangnya informasi ilmiah tentang kandungan fitokimia tanaman Nampu, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut tentang senyawa metabolit sekunder untuk tujuan isolasi dan identifikasi. Penapisan fitokimia bahan baku, ekstrak etanol dan fraksi air menunjukkan hasil positif untuk golongan flavonoid, tanin, polifenol, kuinon, monoterpenoid-seskuiterpenoid, dan steroid-triterpenoid. Fraksi kloroform dipantau dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan penambahan KOH 5%. Hasilnya menunjukkan bercak berwarna biru di bawah lampu U.V. 365 nm. Fraksi dimurnikan dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (KLT-P), sedangkan kemurnian isolat diuji dengan metode KLT dua dimensi dan KLT dengan tiga fase gerak yang berbeda. Hasil analisis dengan spektrofotometer UV-Visible menunjukkan panjang gelombang 278,8 nm dan 213,2 nm. Selain itu, analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan spektrometer infra merah menunjukkan adanya gugus OH, regangan pada bilangan gelombang 3419,79 cm-1, C-H aromatik pada bilangan gelombang 2922,16 cm-1, C = O pada bilangan gelombang 1672,28 cm-1, regangan C = C aromatik pada bilangan gelombang 1585,49 cm-1. Berdasarkan data KLT dan spektrofotometri, diduga isolat merupakan golongan senyawa kumarin

A COMPARATIVE PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDY OF THE TWO Orthoshipon aristatus (BLUME) MIQ. VARIETIES

The use of a plant as an ingredient in traditional medicine requires scientific evidence to determine its properties. Cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) is one of the widely used traditional medicinal plants in various Asian and European countries. This study aimed to determine the pharmacognostic properties of purple and white varieties of O. aristatus. Aqueous and ethanolic extract of the stem and leaves of purple and white varieties of O. aristatus was prepared and investigated for the presence of active ingredients. The AlCl3 colorimetric method was used for the estimation of flavones and flavonols. The level of flavonoid was reported 13.06 ± 0.13 mg QE / 1g and  6.17 ± 0.049 mg QE / 1g for the leaves and stem extracts of purple varieties respectively while this value was reported 9.76 ± 0.15 mg QE / 1g and 3.79 ± 0.03 mg QE / 1g for the white variety. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the purple variety has a significantly higher amount of flavonoid then the white variety

EXTRACTION TIME EFFECT ON ACTIVE COMPOUNDS LEVELS IN CAT WHISKERS (ORTHOSIPHON ARISTATUS (BLUME) MIQ.)

Objective: Determine the best time to boil cat whiskers by observing the impact of boiling time on the quantities of rosmarinic acid in cat whiskers. Methods: For the extraction process, water is boiled for 10, 20, and 30 min at 90 degrees Celsius. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the quantities of rosmarinic acid and validate the analytical procedures in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. The one-way ANOVA test and Duncan's test were used to analyse the data; a p-value of 0.05 was used to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results: The lowest quantities of rosmarinic acid were found in the study's results during a shorter boiling duration of 10 min, or 2.07% w/w. The highest concentrations of rosmarinic acid were found after a prolonged boiling period of 20 min, at 2.32 % w/w. Meanwhile, rosmarinic acid levels dropped to 2.15 % w/w after a 30 min overboiling period. Rosmarinic acid levels from the three boiling durations differed significantly, according to statistical analysis (p=0.000; p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that 20 min was the ideal boiling duration for extracting rosmarinic acid from purple cat whiskers

Review: Flavonoid pada Tanaman Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.): Review: Flavonoid Compounds in Orthosiphon stamineus

Orthosiphon stamineus has long been used in traditional medicine in East India, Indo China, Southeast Asia, and tropical Australia, where this plant is usually found. Based on the color of the flowers and petals, Orthosiphon stamineus is classified into two varieties: white flowers (white varieties) and purple flowers (purple varieties). Orthosiphon stamineus has traditionally been used to treat hypertension, diabetes, bladder and kidney disorders, gallstones, gout, and rheumatism. The leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus were introduced to Europe and Japan as tea for health. The main compounds possessed by Orthosiphon stamineus are rosmarinic acid, eupatorium, and sinensetin. In addition, several studies have isolated the plant of Orthosiphon stamineus. This journal review aims to review studies related to the content of secondary metabolites, traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and levels of flavonoids contained in plants