Morphometrics Variations of Carpenter Bees Xylocopa confusa Latreille and Xylocopa latipes Drury from Different Habitats in Central Sulawesi

Habitat is a place for living things to grow and develop. Differences in physical characteristics of habitats within an area can affect the morphometry of an organism. This study aims to provide information related to the morphometric variation of the carpenter bees Xylocopa confusa Latreille and Xylocopa latipes Drury in different habitats in Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted in four types of habitat, namely primary forest, secondary forest, rural areas, and urban areas in January 2019. The collection of carpenter bees useds a sweep net by swinging it around the sampling location. The carpenter bees obtained were then killed in a killing jar for five minutes. The carpenter bees samples were put into a sample bottle based on the type of habitat. Furthermore, the pinning process was carried out using insect needles. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the different habitats could affect the morphometric variations of the carpenter bees Xylocopa confusa and Xylocopa latipes. The size of the body morphometry of carpenter bees is larger in primary forest habitats, while the smallest size of bees is found in urban areas. This research is useful as preliminary data before carrying out the cultivation and conservation process of wood bees considering that their role in nature is very important

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST TOWARDS COCKROACH (PERIPLANETA AMERICANA) FOOT BACTERIA IN THE NUTRITION DEPARTMENT AREA OF PALU CITY HOSPITAL

Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) are known to have potential as vectors of various pathogenic bacteria in various locations including the nutrition department area in the hospitals. Research related to the role of these animals as vectors of pathogenic bacteria has not been done. The provision of food in the hospital nutrition department has the potential for bacterial contamination from food, equipment, hospital staff, and the environment. Cockroaches can be a vector for spreading various nosocomial infectious diseases in hospitals. A descriptive method was used, and the data were obtained by bacterial isolation, Gram staining method, antibiotic sensitivity test, and bacterial identification using Microbact system software 2000. This study was carried out at the Biology Education Laboratory, Education and Teacher Training Faculty,  Tadulako University. Based on the results of the study, 6 species of bacterial isolates from cockroach feet   in the nutrition department area of Palu city hospital, namely E. coli, S. arizonae, Salmonella sp., K. ozaenae, S. simulans, and S. enterica. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that four bacteria exhibited multi-drug resistance to antibiotics Amoxycillin, Chloramphenicol and Vancomycin. Meanwhile,S. enterica was still sensitive to the five tested antibiotics namely Amoxycillin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Vancomycin. serious policies and handling are needed to control new types of vectors that carry diseases in humans.. meanwhile,S. entericawas still sensitive to the five tested antibiotics