SEXUAL ABSTINENCE AND IMMOBILISATION STRESS DECREASED NITRATE + NITRITE CONCENTRATION AND INCREASED NECROTIC OF PENILE CORPUS CAVERNOSUM SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OF ADULT MALE MICE

Sexual intercourse in adult people is not only related to reproduction,recreation and better relation but also for maintaining good health. Regular andfrequent sexual intercourse has protective role for cardiovascular disease, malignancyand often related with longevity. On the contrary less frequent sexual intercourse isoften correlated to early death and reproductive organ disorders. One main factorwhich involve in any process related to sexual intercourse is nitric oxide. Thisresearch aims to know the declination of total nitrate and nitrite concentration as themain oxidation product of nitric oxide and necrosis of the endothelial and smoothmuscles of corpus cavernosum after three month sexual intercourse abstinence andstress immobilization.By randomized pretest-posttest control group design, the research wasconducted in adult male mice (Mus musculus) which were divided into four groups.each consisted of seven mice. One group as a control and the other three wereexposed to sexual abstinence, immobilization stress and the combination of sexualabstinence and immobilization stress in three months period. The investigation wascarried out to the penile total nitrate and nitrite concentration and the histologicalchanges of the middle part of the penile shaft. To know the degree of lesion then thecalculation of the histologic features was done in five view fields of every preparat.The result was compared to control group.In this research, the mean of total nitrate and nitrite decline and the lowest wasfound in the combine intervention groups with significance level p < 0,005. Thecorpus cavernosum in the intervention groups showed multifocal necrosis onendothelial and smooth muscle cells of corpus cavernosum with picnotic nuclei,irregular form and dark colour. Some muscle cells are lysis. These features werefound in three among seven samples in sexual abstinence group, two among sevensamples in immobilization stress group and in all samples of combined interventiongroup.Conclusions can be drawn from this research are that the sexual abstinence,immobilization stress and the combine interventions decline the nitrate and nitriteconcentrations and induce endothelial and smooth muscle cells necrosis of the copuscavernosum

Efek Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) terhadap Dislipidemia pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Kolesterol

Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid yang ditandai peningkatan kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL, trigliserida diatas nilai normal serta penurunan kolesterol HDL di dalam darah. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) mengandung 92% lemak jenuh sehingga dikaitkan dengan peningkatan resiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Tidak semua asam lemak jenuh buruk bagi kesehatan. VCO terdiri dari medium chain triglycerides (MCT) dan komponen polifenol bekerja secara sinergis dalam mencegah dislipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kegunaan VCO sebagai alternatif untuk mencegah dislipidemia pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diberi diet tinggi kolesterol. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental murni dengan randomized post-test only control group design menggunakan 36 ekor tikus putih jantan. Semua sampel diberikan diet tinggi kolesterol, lalu dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok secara random yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberikan plasebo berupa akuades sebanyak 0,8 ml/ hari dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan VCO sebanyak 0,8 ml/ 200 gram berat badan/ hari selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rerata kolesterol total kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (113,49±4,31 mg/dl vs 222,61±6,41 mg/dl) (p<0,05). Rerata trigliserida kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (91,46±5,56 mg/dl vs 153,51±5,40 mg/dl) (p<0,05). Rerata kolesterol LDL kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol (37,94±3,32 mg/dl vs 71,25±2,76  mg/dl) (p<0,05). Rerata kolesterol HDL kolesterol total kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dari kelompok kontrol (41,62±1,58 mg/dl vs 25,02±2,59 mg/dl) (p<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa virgin coconut oil mencegah dislipidemia pada tikus jantan galur wistar yang diberi diet tinggi kolesterol.Kata Kunci: virgin coconut oil, profil lipid, dislipidemia. [The Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera) to Dyslipidemia in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Fed with High Cholesterol Diet].Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder followed by high total cholesterol level, high LDL cholesterol level, high tryglyceride level and low HDL cholesterol level. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) contains 92% saturated fat that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Not all saturated fatty acids are bad for health. VCO consist of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and polyphenol components that work synergistically in preventing dyslipidemia. This research was aimed to determine the usefulness of VCO as an alternative to prevent dyslipidemia in male wistar rats fed with high cholesterol diet. This study was a true experimental research with randomized post-test only control group design using 36 male rats. All samples were given a high cholesterol diet and were divided into 2 groups randomly: a control group were given a placebo (distilled water) 0,8 ml/ day and a treatment group were given VCO 0,8 ml/ 200gram weight/ day for 28 days. The results showed that the treatment group had a significantly lower total cholesterol levels compared to the control group (113,49±4,31 mg/dl vs 222,61±6,41 mg/dl) (p<0,05). The treatment group had a significantly lower triglycerides levels compared to the control group (91,46±5,56 mg/dl vs 153,51±5,40 mg/dl) (p<0,05). The treatment group had a significantly lower LDL cholesterol levels compared to the control group (37,94±3,32 mg/dl vs 71,25±2,76  mg/dl) (p<0,05). The treatment group had a significantly higher HDL cholesterol levels compared to the control group (41,62±1,58 mg/dl vs 25,02±2,59 mg/dl) (p<0,05). This research concluded that virgin coconut oil was proved in preventing dyslipidemia in male wistar rats fed with high cholesterol diet.Keywords: virgin coconut oil, lipid profile, dyslipidemia

Soymilk Formula Increases Estrogen and Reduces Testosterone Level in Male Infant White Wistar Rats

Background: Children’s immunity system is relatively lower on first year of life, causing atopic babies, leading to allergy. Ideally, newborn babies are given breast milk as main food source on the first 6 months, but often being replaced with cow milk which can induce Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy. For the alternative can replace it with soymilk formula which contains phytoestrogen from isoflavon, which works just like estrogen. The aim of this study to determine whether administration of soymilk formula is capable on increasing estrogen level and reducing testosterone level on male infant white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Materials and Methods: This research used post test only control group design. Samples were consisted of 36 infant male white Wistar rats aged 7 days, weighing from 10-15 grams, divided into 2 groups, control group which was given cow’s milk and intervention group which was given soymilk. Each group were given intervention with the dose 5% of BW (grams), given twice-a-day orally for 21 days, and subsequently in the morning their blood samples were taken to examine the level of estrogen and testosterone hormone.Results: The study showed that the level of estrogen on intervention group was significantly higher than the control group with mean estrogen level of 0.55±0.03 pg/mL in the control group and 0.82±0.01 pg/mL in the intervention group, while the mean testosterone level was significantly lower on intervention group compared with control group (p<0.05) with 3.25±0.15 ng/mL on control group and 2.36±0.22 ng/mL on intervention group.Conclusion: Soymilk was able to increase estrogen level and reduce testosterone level on male infant white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: soymilk formula, estrogen, testosterone, male infant rat

Antioxidant properties of topical Caulerpa sp. extract on UVB-induced photoaging in mice

Caulerpa sp., a genus of seaweed native to the Indo-Pacific region, has been known for its antioxidant properties and health benefits when consumed as food. Previous studies have reported Caulerpa sp.’s potential as a strong antioxidant, but its effects on the skin in a topical preparation, especially its role in UV protection, have not been studied extensively. Our study investigated the protective effects of 0.2% and 0.4% Caulerpa sp. extract gels on photoaging in the UVB-irradiated skin of Wistar mice. The subjects were divided into naive control, vehicle control, and 3 treatment groups (0.2% Caulerpa sp. extract gel, 0.4% Caulerpa sp. extract gel, and 0.02% astaxanthin gel as a standard antioxidant). The groups, except the naive control group, received a total of 840 mJ/cm2 of UVB irradiation in four weeks. Protective effects of the extract were measured through the evaluation of collagen expression, MMP-1 expression and levels, and 8-OhDG expression. Mice who received topical application of Caulerpa sp. extract gel had higher collagen expression, betterpreserved collagen structure, lower levels of MMP-1, and less MMP-1 and 8-OHdG expressions compared to the vehicle control group. There was no difference between different concentrations of the extract. Our findings demonstrated that topical application of Caulerpa sp. extract gel significantly protected UVB-irradiated mice skin from photoaging

The Frequency of Sexual Intercourse without Condom with Female Sex Workers [FSW] is not Related to the Level of Sexual Satisfaction of the Husband, But Related to the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections [STIS]

Background: Disharmonious sexual life often create many problems. When the sexual function of the wives is not optimum, the sexual satisfaction of the husbands, or both husband and wife, will be disturbed. These will lead husbands to do sexual intercourses with FSW without condoms. Such intercourse may cause of STIs. The aims of this study were to identify the frequency of sexual intercourse without condom with FSW related to the level of sexual satisfaction of the husband and the risk of STIs. Methods:The study applied observational analytic with cross sectional design. The accidental sampling technique, the 196 samples, comprise of husband with the following criteria: having non-menopause legal wives, regularly having sex with wives without condoms within 6 months, having sex with FSW without condom at least once in 6 months, in the family stage II standard, healthy and willing to be respondents. Data on the level of sexual satisfaction and frequency of sexual intercourse without condom was collected through interviews, data on the risk of STIs was collected with physical and laboratory check-up by medical staff. The laboratory check-up for gonorrhea was done with the Gram’s coloring, syphilis with T. Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay (TPHA) and Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), genital herpes and acuminate condyloma with clinical symptoms. The result was analysed descriptively and data normality was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the correlaton test was done with the Spearman’s rho and Chi-Square tests. Results:The result showed there was the frequency of sexual intercourse without condom with FSW the most 1 time/week 57 persons (29.10%), with STIs 10 persons (5,10%) the level of sexual satisfaction that was quite satisfied 97 persons (49.50%), and the STIs 41 persons (20,90%). The frequency of sexual intercourse without condom with FSW not related to the level of sexual satisfaction of the husbands p = 0.146 (p &gt; 0.05). The frequency of sexual intercourse without condom with FSW related to the risk STIs p = 0.001 (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions:The frequency of sexual intercourse without condom with FSW was not related to the level sexual satisfaction of the husband, but related to the risk of STIs. The study was expected to be used as the base of further study to know other factors the frequency of sexual intercourse without condom with FSW

Systematic Review of Potential Utilization of Secretome from Ascorbic Acid-Supplemented Stem Cells for Skin Aging

Conceptualization for Potential Utilization of Secretome from Ascorbic Acid-Supplemented Stem Cells in Combating Skin Aging: Systematic Review of a Novel Ide