Speaking for Others: A Political Analysis of Civil Rights Archives

Archival collections are one of the most important sources of original materials that help create the story of our past. Given this, it is critical to understand what makes up a collection and how the items, both present and not, impact our societal conscious regarding an event or time period This study examines the Civil Rights archives at two institutions, The University of Southern Mississippi and Queens College, focusing specifically on the materials each has related to Freedom Summer Both of these institutions claim direct ties to Freedom Summer and their collections were analyzed in terms of what kinds of materials are present, who donated them and what biases exist based on the previous factors. The findings of this study conclusively show biases present in both collections. As the majority of both archives represent the experiences of white northerners who volunteered during Freedom Summer, the stories of African Americans and native southerners is essentially rejected These biases confirm the notion that those who have social and political capital are also the ones who get to write history Discovering and acknowledging the disparities that exist in these collections will allow researchers to seek out additional perspectives when studying this period, as well as encourage curators to broaden the scope of their collections

Collaboration in eTextbook Publishing: A Case Study

The need for a tailored textbook for a distance class of PhD nursing students led to a collaboration between a College of Nursing faculty member and librarians from academic and health sciences libraries. The partnership incorporated new and existing library services in the “Research with Diverse Populations” class. Librarians provided curriculum support services and facilitated the creation of an eTextbook authored by class members. The Research with Diverse Populations eTextbooki (aka eBook, http://www.rdp.lib.utah.edu) was designed to be openly accessible and structured to expand as future students make additional contributions. The audience for the eBook extends beyond the course participants to a broader audience of clinicians and researchers working with vulnerable populations. The eBook collaboration is an innovative and unique approach to addressing the needs of a faculty member. It is anticipated that the collaborative process will inspire similar projects in the future

Book Review: Information Now: A Graphic Guide to Student Research

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Constructing Knowledge in the Health Sciences: A Range of Possibilities

This interactive session will explore the implications of the new ACRL Information Literacy Framework for health sciences education, specifically in the areas of evidence-based practice, case-based learning, clinical reasoning, and interprofessional education. We will collectively describe knowledge practices and dispositions as they apply to the health sciences in general, and to anticipate and mitigate differences among specific disciplines (e.g. nursing, medicine, pharmacology) in order to foster an environment for learning and practice that encourages reflection, inquiry, and collaboration. Although the disciplinary framework of this session will be health sciences education, we anticipate that the process of thinking through these issues with fellow practitioners and reflecting deeply on knowledge practices will benefit any librarian or educator who is interested in developing information literacy instruction that is more dynamic and intentional

Exchange on the quantitative measurement of ethnic and national identity

In recent decades, there has been a noticeable increase in the use of quantitative techniques in the study of ethnicity and nationalism, without, however, a sufficient amount of reflection on how these techniques have contributed to our understanding of ethnic and national identities. As such, in this exchange three sets of authors answer questions about the degree to which it is possible to use quantitative data to measure ethnic and national identities, which types of methods are most suitable in measuring these identities and what the major research findings of this quantitative research are that were not possible using qualitative approaches

Comparison of Ancestral and Evolved KPC-2-Bearing Plasmids in \u3cem\u3eSerratia marcescens\u3c/em\u3e

Millions of people in the United States become infected with antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria each year, which are more difficult to treat and can persist longer than nonresistant strains. Many bacteria are able to transfer their antibiotic resistance genes to nearby bacteria through conjugation of circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. Serratia marcescens (CAV1492) contains a plasmid that encodes a resistance gene for a class of antibiotics known as carbapenems. This gene, known as KPC-2, is found on the 10kb Tn4401b transposon, which is able to move between plasmids and chromosomes. After growth for 30 days with meropenem, a carbapenem, the KPC-2 gene transferred from its original 70-kb plasmid to a smaller 6-kb plasmid within CAV1492, creating a novel 16-kb plasmid. The goal of this research project is to better understand the difference in persistence, fitness cost, and transferability between the ancestral 70-kb plasmid and the evolved 16-kb plasmid in CAV1492. To do this, the growth rate, plasmid persistence, and plasmid transferability of strains containing either the evolved or ancestral plasmid will be compared. In comparison to the ancestral 70-kb KPC-2-bearing plasmid, the data suggests that the evolved KPC-2-bearing plasmid is not able to mobilize itself during conjugation. The evolved plasmid also appears to be less persistent in an environment without antibiotic selection than the ancestral plasmid. The growth rates of the evolved and ancestral plasmid-containing strains are comparable. For the three factors that were analyzed — conjugation ability, persistence, and growth rate — the evolved KPC-2-bearing plasmid does not appear to have any noticeable advantage over the larger ancestral plasmid

Early resource scarcity causes cortical astrocyte enlargement and sex-specific changes in the orbitofrontal cortex transcriptome in adult rats

Astrocyte morphology affects function, including the regulation of glutamatergic signaling. This morphology changes dynamically in response to the environment. However, how early life manipulations alter adult cortical astrocyte morphology is underexplored. Our lab uses brief postnatal resource scarcity, the limited bedding and nesting (LBN) manipulation, in rats. We previously found that LBN augments maternal behaviors and promotes later resilience to adult addiction-related behaviors, reducing impulsivity, risky decision-making, and morphine self-administration. These behaviors rely on glutamatergic transmission in the medial orbitofrontal (mOFC) and medial prefrontal (mPFC) cortex. Here we tested whether LBN changed astrocyte morphology in the mOFC and mPFC of adult rats using a novel viral approach that, unlike traditional markers, fully labels astrocytes. Prior exposure to LBN causes an increase in the surface area and volume of astrocytes in the mOFC and mPFC of adult males and females relative to control-raised rats. We next used bulk RNA sequencing of OFC tissue to assess transcriptional changes that could increase astrocyte size in LBN rats. LBN caused mainly sex-specific changes in differentially expressed genes. Pathway analysis revealed that OFC glutamatergic signaling is altered by LBN in males and females, but the gene changes in that pathway differed across sex. This may represent a convergent sex difference where glutamatergic signaling, which affects astrocyte morphology, is altered by LBN via sex-specific mechanisms. Collectively, these studies highlight that astrocytes may be an important cell type that mediates the effect of early resource scarcity on adult brain function

Take five: how Sports Illustrated and L’Équipe redefine the long-form sports journalism genre

The consolidation of the counter genre that is long-form sports journalism (LFSJ) is of growing interest to the sports media researcher. In order to trace its expansion across the sports journalism landscape, this article offers a comparative transatlantic case study featuring the entire collection of long-form stories developed by two prestigious publications: the American magazine Sports Illustrated (SI Longform) and the French sports daily L’Équipe (L’Équipe Explore). The study considers the slow journalism heritage of LFSJ and its challenge to established Web interface theology while exploring key issues such as the sports agenda, sourcing and the use of immersive multimedia formats, aimed at improving the sporting culture of its users. The article concludes by considering the pivotal role of LFSJ in the brand-building strategies of the media outlets themselves

De Facto States in International Politics (1945-2011): A New Dataset

Sovereign states remain the primary units of analysis in conflict research. Yet, the empirical record suggests that the international system includes a wider range of actors whose behavior is relevant for conflict outcomes. This article introduces De Facto States in International Politics (1945–2011), a new data set dedicated to understanding the behavior of de facto states—separatist statelike entities such as Abkhazia. I begin by explaining why de facto states deserve attention. Further, I provide a definition of the de facto state that separates it from cognate phenomena. Thereafter, I offer an overview of the data set and illustrate its utility by demonstrating how it contributes to the literatures on war and state making, civil war, and rebel governance