Improvements in heat transfer network modelling for oil-cooled power transformer windings

Papers presented to the 11th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, South Africa, 20-23 July 2015.In this paper accurate modelling of heat transfer from power transformer winding conductors to cooling oil is envisaged. To this end the network model of Radakovic & Sorgic [1] is validated against more detailed CFD simulation results. Based on this comparison, three model improvements to the network model are proposed. They concern the governing heat transfer correlation, the introduction of thermal boundary layer tracking and an improved description for the thermal resistance in the solid. The improved network model results in more accurate results.The authors acknowledge support from the IWT, in the context of a Baekeland Mandate.am201

High Failure Rates of Melarsoprol for Sleeping Sickness, Democratic Republic of Congo

A retrospective chart review of 4,925 human African trypanosomiasis patients treated with melarsoprol in 2001–2003 in Equateur Nord Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo showed a treatment failure rate of 19.5%. This rate increased over the 3 years. Relapse rates were highest in the central part of the province

Diagnostic accuracy of Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei detection kit for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis in clinical samples

Background: Molecular methods have great potential for sensitive parasite detection in the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), but the requirements in terms of laboratory infrastructure limit their use to reference centres. A recently developed assay detects the Trypanozoon repetitive insertion mobile element (RIME) DNA under isothermal amplification conditions and has been transformed into a ready-to-use kit format, the Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei. In this study, we have evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei assay (hereafter called LAMP) in confirmed T.b. gambiense HAT patients, HAT suspects and healthy endemic controls from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methodology/Principal findings: 142 T.b. gambiense HAT patients, 111 healthy endemic controls and 97 HAT suspects with unconfirmed status were included in this retrospective evaluation. Reference standard tests were parasite detection in blood, lymph or cerebrospinal fluid. Archived DNA from blood of all study participants was analysed in duplicate with LAMP. Sensitivity of LAMP in parasitologically confirmed cases was 87.3% (95% CI 80.9–91.8%) in the first run and 93.0% (95% CI 87.5–96.1%) in the second run. Specificity in healthy controls was 92.8% (95% CI 86.4–96.3%) in the first run and 96.4% (95% CI 91.1–98.6%) in the second run. Reproducibility was excellent with a kappa value of 0.81. Conclusions/Significance: In this laboratory-based study, the Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection Kit showed good diagnostic accuracy and excellent reproducibility. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of its routine use for diagnosis of HAT under field conditions

Diagnostic Accuracy of Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei Detection Kit for Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Clinical Samples

Abstract Background: Molecular methods have great potential for sensitive parasite detection in the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), but the requirements in terms of laboratory infrastructure limit their use to reference centres. A recently developed assay detects the Trypanozoon repetitive insertion mobile element (RIME) DNA under isothermal amplification conditions and has been transformed into a ready-to-use kit format, the Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei. In this study, we have evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Loopamp Trypanosoma brucei assay (hereafter called LAMP) in confirmed T.b. gambiense HAT patients, HAT suspects and healthy endemic controls from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

The Effect of Mass Flow Distribution Inaccuracies in a Hydraulic Network Model for OD Zig-Zag Cooled Power Transformer Windings

In this paper the mass flow distribution in zig-zag cooled power transformer windings is shown to play a crucial factor to accurately predict the winding temperature. In order to enable thermo-hydraulic network models for transformer design, new correlations are derived for combining and dividing T-junctions and elbow configurations. Good correspondence is achieved in comparison with CFD simulation results for a zig-zag cooled power transformer winding.status: accepte

Experience with the GIS Mobility Project at KOGEKA: An Example of Co-operation between Primary and Secondary Schools on School Mobility and Traffic Safety. GI_Forum 2013 – Creating the GISociety|

The opportunities for using GIS in schools are numerous. KOGEKA, a community of six secondary schools in Belgium, has been working with GIS for about 10 years now and is running a GIS Mobility project in some of their schools. In this project the secondary school pupils work together with pupils from primary schools in the neighbourhood, on school mobility and traffic safety. This paper reports about KOGEKA’s experiences with the GIS mobility project and describes (i) the added value that the use of GIS can offer in a project like this, (ii) how GIS can support the development of spatial thinking in pupils, (iii) what potential this kind of projects can have to contribute to achieve learning objectives described in curricula and (iv) how the project encourages pupils take up their role as active citizens. We conclude with some general thoughts to consider for schools that think of running similar projects

Experience with the GIS Mobility Project at KOGEKA: An Example of Co-operation between Primary and Secondary Schools on School Mobility and Traffic Safety. GI_Forum 2013 – Creating the GISociety|

The opportunities for using GIS in schools are numerous. KOGEKA, a community of six secondary schools in Belgium, has been working with GIS for about 10 years now and is running a GIS Mobility project in some of their schools. In this project the secondary school pupils work together with pupils from primary schools in the neighbourhood, on school mobility and traffic safety. This paper reports about KOGEKA’s experiences with the GIS mobility project and describes (i) the added value that the use of GIS can offer in a project like this, (ii) how GIS can support the development of spatial thinking in pupils, (iii) what potential this kind of projects can have to contribute to achieve learning objectives described in curricula and (iv) how the project encourages pupils take up their role as active citizens. We conclude with some general thoughts to consider for schools that think of running similar projects