Testing isomorphism of graded algebras

We present a new algorithm to decide isomorphism between finite graded algebras. For a broad class of nilpotent Lie algebras, we demonstrate that it runs in time polynomial in the order of the input algebras. We introduce heuristics that often dramatically improve the performance of the algorithm and report on an implementation in Magma

The Sacred Choral Music of Seth Daniels Bingham (1882-1972), with special focus on The Canticle of the Sun Op. 52

Seth Daniels Bingham (1882-1972) holds a unique place within the pantheon of American composers. He was one of many composers to travel to France for lessons in composition during the first decades of the Twentieth Century. From 1906 until 1907 he studied organ with Alexander Guilmant and composition with Charles Marie Widor and Vincent d’Indy. Through his absorption of the French musical aesthetic, Bingham learned to improvise and compose in the French style, to voice textures according to a French system of registration, and to combine modernity with tradition. It is true that Bingham was not the only American composer to study with Widor, Guilmant, and/or d’Indy; in fact approximately twenty-five Americans of his generation studied with some combination of these teachers. What makes Bingham unique is the combination of his compositional pedigree and his vast output of sacred choral music. He was one of only two French-educated American composers of his generation to write and publish a large number of sacred choral works–the other being Clarence Dickinson. The focus of this study is to demonstrate the influences, style, and artistic merit of Seth Bingham’s sacred choral music, particularly through discussion and analysis of his The Canticle of the Sun, published in 1949. As part of its conclusion, the study attempts to identify the current state of Bingham’s status and recognition as a choral composer, and to reaffirm the qualities that make his music worthy of revival

Construction and Software Design for a Microcomputer Controlled pH/Ion Titrator

The construction of an automated titration device is described. The major components include an Apple II+ Microcomputer and 8-bit parallel interface. Fisher Accumet, Model 520 Digital pH/lon Meter, Gilmont Micrometer Buret of 2.5 mL capacity, Sigma stepper motor, power supply and driver to operate the buret, and a constant temperature bath of ± 0.005 °C stability. The limitations of the system are 0.001 pH/0.1 mv for the pH/ion sensing system, and 0.125 μL per step for the buret. The system as described is designed to determine equilibrium constants for metal ion-amino acid complexes. By changing the software a variety of different pH and redox titration experiments may be performed. A computer program used to operate the stepper motor driven syringe buret and record the pH from a digital pH meter is described. The program uses both Apple BASIC and assembly language. This is a closed loop operation in which the data from the pH meter is used to control the amount of reagent delivered by the buret. The results are displayed graphically as the titration proceeds. The variance of the pH readings are calculated using an assembly language subroutine and the calculations are done with zero round-off error

Agro-terrorism and the Grain Handling Systems in Canada and the United States

The grain handling sector in Canada and the United States is vital to agriculture and trade. In a typical year on the Canadian prairies, about 140,000 producers deliver some 20 to 30 mmt of grain for export to primary elevators. In the United States, about 2.1 million producers deliver about 300 mmt of grain to primary elevators. Canadian grain is moved to export position using more than 400,000 hopper cars and marine containers, where about 1,200 ships per year are loaded. In the United States, about 1.08 million rail carloads of grain are originated per year, and about 23 mmt of grain are shipped on barges per year. These U.S. figures are in addition to trucks, which, more so than in Canada, are also used to deliver grain to primary processors and to terminal and export markets. The volume of grain trade gives rise to concern about risks of terrorism in the sector.(1) From a security perspective, the grain, pulse and oilseed supply chain is noteworthy because much of it is characterized by relatively long-term, insecure, bulky storage (particularly on farms) along with numerous modal and inter-modal product transfers. These factors suggest there are many places where chemical or biological contaminants could be introduced into this supply chain. From the perspective of the United States, security throughout the Canadian system as well as the U.S. system is a concern, since cross-border traffic in these products is significant, with an average of about six million tonnes of grain products alone imported into the U.S. each year (USDA-FAS, 2003). Numerous interventions to enhance food safety and mitigate the risk of terrorism have been adopted or are in the process of being developed. Some of these are private initiatives and voluntary, as a component of firm-level security processes. Others are being adopted in response to legislated initiatives. The stakes are large, and there are likely to be substantial differences in costs and effectiveness of different approaches.Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

TRAPPING MAMMALS IN A CAUTIOUS WORLD: THE EFFECT OF DISINFECTANTS ON TRAP SUCCESS

Disinfecting traps that have captured small mammals is one recommendation for preventing occurrence of hantavirus infection; however, the potential effects of disinfection on small mammal trappability have not been investigated thoroughly. We conducted an experiment to compare the effects of 2 disinfectants (Lysol® and household bleach) on the trappability of 4 small mammal species (Peromyscus maniculatus, Neotamias spp., and Spermophilus lateralis). We established triplicate trap grids in 2 forest types (red fir and mixed conifer), each consisting of a 6 × 6 array of Sherman live-traps placed at 10-m intervals. Traps were given 1 of 3 treatments: control (water), Lysol, or bleach; the treated traps were placed in an alternating pattern. Traps were open for 4 consecutive nights with daily treatment application. We found a difference in the trappability of Peromyscus between years; however, we did not detect a statistically significant difference in trappability resulting from disinfection for any of the 3 study species. Disinfectant effects on capture probability within Peromyscus were not supported by model selection in Program MARK. Collectively, these results indicate that although populations may fluctuate temporally and spatially, trap disinfection does not have a significant effect on small mammal trappability. RESUMEN.—Una de las recomendaciones para prevenir el hantavirus es la de desinfectar las trampas en las que se ha atrapado a pequeños mamíferos. Sin embargo, no se han investigado extensamente los posibles efectos de la desinfección en la facilidad de captura de los pequeños mamíferos. Llevamos a cabo un experimento para comparar los efectos de dos desinfectantes (Lysol® y cloro) en la facilidad de captura de cuatro especies de pequeños mamíferos (Peromyscus maniculatus, Neotamias spp. y Spermophilus lateralis). Hicimos una cuadrícula triplicada de trampas en dos tipos de bosque (abeto rojo y coníferas mixtas); cada cual constaba de una distribución 6 × 6 de trampas Sherman de captura viva separadas por 10 m. Se lavaron las trampas con uno de tres líquidos: agua (el control), Lysol o cloro. Se colocaron de tal manera que alternaba de forma regular el uso de los tres líquidos. Operamos las trampas durante cuatro noches consecutivas, lavándolas a diario. Detectamos una diferencia en la facilidad de captura de Peromyscus de un año a otro; sin embargo, no detectamos ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la facilidad de captura que se pueda atribuir a la desinfección para ninguna de las tres especies estudiadas. Para Peromyscus, la selección de modelos en Program MARK no respalda la hipótesis de que la desinfección afecta la probabilidad de captura. Estos resultados indican que mientras que las poblaciones pueden fluctuar temporal y espacialmente, la desinfección de trampas no tiene ningún efecto significativo en la facilidad de captura de pequeños mamíferos

Feeding milk

The value of milk for young animals is well known to Iowa farmers; its value as part of a feeding ration for all animals has not been so well determined. Dairying is increasing so fast in the state, that this Station thought it wise to ascertain the value of milk, as a ration, or part of a ration, for cows giving milk. During the interval between college terms in 1891, we had surplus full milk, and skimmed milk, that we resolved to feed to cows on pasture to ascertain its effect on milk-giving. We took two Holstein cows to experiment with, Nos. 155 and 151. The former had been giving milk fora month, the latter was fresh

On board sampling of the rockfish and lingcod commerical passenger fishing vessel industry in northern and central California, May 1987 to December 1991

From May 1987 to June 1990 and from August to December 1991 Fishery Technicians sampled catches on board 690 Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel (CPFV) trips targeting rockfish and lingcod from the general port areas of Fort Bragg, Bodega Bay, San Francisco, Monterey, and Morro Bay. Data are presented for species composition by port area, year, and month, for catch-per-unit-effort, mean length, and length frequency of lingcod and the 18 most frequently observed rockfish species, and for trends in fishing effort related to fishing time, depth, and distance from port. Total catch estimates are presented based on unadjusted logbook records, logbook records adjusted by sampling data and compliance rates, and effort data from a marine recreational fishing statistics survey. Average catch of kept fish per angler day was 11.8 and average catch of kept fish per angler hour was 3.7. A trend of an increasing frequency of trips to deep (>40 fm) locations was observed in the Bodega Bay, San Francisco, and Monterey areas from 1988 to 1990-91. No trend was evident relative to trip frequency and distance from port. A total of 74 species was observed caught during the study. Rockfishes comprised 88.5% to 97.9% by number of the observed catch by port area. The five most frequently observed species were chilipepper, blue, yellowtail, and widow rockfishes, and bocaccio, with lingcod ranking seventh. In general, mean length and catch-per-angler-hour of sport fishes caught by CPFV anglers varied considerably and did not show steady declines during the study period. However, port-specific areas of major concern were identified for chilipepper, lingcod, and black rockfish, and to a lesser extent brown, canary, vermilion, yelloweye, olive, and widow rockfish. These areas of concern included steadily declining catch rate, steadily declining mean length, and a high percentage of sexually immature fish in the sampled-catch. Recent sampling of the commercial hook-and-line fishery in northern and central California indicated that most species of rockfishes taken by CPFV anglers are also harvested commercially. (261pp.