Dombrock Genotyping In Brazilian Blood Donors Reveals Different Regional Frequencies Of The Hy Allele.

Dombrock blood group system genotyping has revealed various rearrangements of the Dombrock gene and identified new variant alleles in Brazil (i.e., DO*A-SH, DO*A-WL and DO*B-WL). Because of the high heterogeneity of the Brazilian population, interregional differences are expected during the investigation of Dombrock genotypes. The present study aims to determine the frequencies of Dombrock genotypes in blood donors from Minas Gerais and compare the frequencies of the HY and JO alleles to those of another population in Brazil. The frequencies of the DO alleles in Minas Gerais, a southeastern state of Brazil, were determined from the genotyping of 270 blood donors. Genotyping involved polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify the 323G>T, 350C>T, 793A>G, and 898C>G mutations, which are related to the HY, JO, DO*A/DO*B, and DO*A-WL/DO*B-WL alleles, respectively. Moreover, the frequencies of rare HY and JO alleles were statistically compared using the chi-square test with data from another Brazilian region. The HY allele frequency in Minas Gerais (2.4%) was almost twice that of the JO allele (1.5%). The frequency of the HY allele was significantly higher (p-value = 0.001) than that in another Brazilian population and includes a rare homozygous donor with the Hy- phenotype. In addition, the DO*A-WL and DO*B-WL alleles, which were first identified in Brazil, were found in the state of Minas Gerais. The data confirm that the frequencies of DO alleles differ between regions in Brazil. The population of Minas Gerais could be targeted in a screening strategy to identify the Hy- phenotype in order to develop a rare blood bank.35400-

Evaluation of anti-D reagents in the detection of weak D and partial D antigens

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) anti-D IgG and IgM are being developed in order to replace polyclonal antibodies. However, there are few studies about the selection of these MoAb to routinely detect weak D and partial D antigens. A total of 56 weak D blood samples were analyzed with anti-D IgG and IgM MoAb in order to evaluate their reactivity. Molecular analyses were also performed to characterize the weak D types and the presence of partial D. Antigen densities were determined by flow cytometry. Weak D type 1, 3 and 4 samples with high antigen density were reactive with the MoAb anti-D IgM at room temperature while weak D type 2 and the partial D samples with low antigen density were detected with MoAb anti-D IgG using the indirect antiglobulin test. Our results show that anti-D IgM does not detect partial D samples reactive as weak D and thus can be used for routine testing of patients. As the anti-D IgG detected all the weak D and partial D with low antigen density, it should be used in the routine testing of donors.Anti-soros monoclonais anti-D IgG e IgM têm sido produzidos para substituir os policlonais na determinação do antígeno D. No entanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da utilização destes reagentes na detecção dos antígenos RhD fraco e RhD parcial. Estudos moleculares e sorológicos que possam esclarecer a expressão do antígeno D são importantes para a seleção adequada dos reagentes anti-D utilizados na fenotipagem RhD. Foram analisados anti-soros anti-D monoclonais IgG e IgM quanto à capacidade de detecção dos antígenos D fraco de alta e baixa densidade antigênica e dos antígenos D parciais que reagem como D fraco em 56 amostras de sangue caracterizadas como D fraco. O anti-D IgM foi analisado pela reatividade de aglutinação à temperatura ambiente enquanto o anti-D IgG foi analisado pela reatividade pelo teste da antiglobulina humana. Os tipos de D fraco foram caracterizados molecularmente, e a densidade antigênica dos antígenos RhD identificados foi determinada por citometria de fluxo. Todas as amostras que continham os tipos de D fracos mais freqüentes (DF1, DF3 e DF4) foram detectadas à temperatura ambiente (TA) com anti-D IgM enquanto as amostras DF2 e D parcial foram detectadas com anti-D IgG reativo pelo teste da antiglobulina humana (AGH). Nossos resultados demonstram que o anti-D IgM não detecta antígenos D parciais reativos como D fraco e antígenos D fraco de baixa densidade antigênica e, portanto, pode ser utilizado na rotina de pacientes. O anti-D IgG detecta a maioria dos tipos de D fraco e associações D fraco parcial e deve ser utilizado na rotina de doadores.26927

Dombrock genotyping in Brazilian blood donors reveals different regional frequencies of the HY allele

Background: Dombrock blood group system genotyping has revealed various rearrangements of the Dombrock gene and identified new variant alleles in Brazil (i.e., DO*A-SH, DO*A-WL and DO*B-WL). Because of the high heterogeneity of the Brazilian population, interregional differences are expected during the investigation of Dombrock genotypes. Objective: The present study aims to determine the frequencies of Dombrock genotypes in blood donors from Minas Gerais and compare the frequencies of the HY and JO alleles to those of another population in Brazil. Methods: The frequencies of the DO alleles in Minas Gerais, a southeastern state of Brazil, were determined from the genotyping of 270 blood donors. Genotyping involved polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify the 323G>T, 350C>T, 793A>G, and 898C>G mutations, which are related to the HY, JO, DO*A/DO*B, and DO*A-WL/DO*B-WL alleles, respectively. Moreover, the frequencies of rare HY and JO alleles were statistically compared using the chi-square test with data from another Brazilian region. Results: The HY allele frequency in Minas Gerais (2.4%) was almost twice that of the JO allele (1.5%). The frequency of the HY allele was significantly higher (p-value = 0.001) than that in another Brazilian population and includes a rare homozygous donor with the Hy- phenotype. In addition, the DO*A-WL and DO*B-WL alleles, which were first identified in Brazil, were found in the state of Minas Gerais. Conclusions: The data confirm that the frequencies of DO alleles differ between regions in Brazil. The population of Minas Gerais could be targeted in a screening strategy to identify the Hy- phenotype in order to develop a rare blood bank

CD63 e CD123 expressão, autoanticorpos IgG e acurácia do teste do soro autólogo em pacientes com urticária crônica

Introduction: The autologous serum skin test (ASST) may suggest an autoimmune etiology in chronic urticaria (CU). A new laboratory technique called basophil activation test (BAT) has been currently employed for its diagnosis. Objective: To analyze ASST in relation to BAT as well as to evaluate interleukin 3 (IL3) receptors (CD123) and non-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies bound to basophils in patients with chronic urticaria. Methods: We studied 33 adults with CU and mean age of 42.5 + 14 years. After stimulation by serum from patients with CU, CD63 expression on basophils from one atopic donor was analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we investigated CD123 and IgG autoantibody expressions. Results: The odds ratio (OR) between ASST and BAT was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 4.5). The ASST for autoimmune CU diagnosis showed an accuracy of 54.5%, sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 33%, positive predictive value of 63%, and negative predictive value of 36%. There was no statistical difference between the studied groups as to mean non-specific IgG and CD123 expressions (for a p < 0.05). Discussion: This study demonstrated that ASST has low accuracy in the diagnosis of autoimmune CU. Concerning other analyzed aspects, there was no statistical difference between positive ASST and negative ASST. Conclusions: Due to insufficient studies in this area and the relevance of this issue, further investigation is required