Nutrients, oxygen and inferred new production in the Northeast Water Polynya 1992

Nutrient and oxygen distributions were measured during a hydrographic survey of the Northeast Water Polynya off the northeast coast of Greenland (77–81°N, 6–17°W) during July–August 1992 and were interpreted in the context of satellite imagery of the region. Satellite imagery revealed a convoluted plume of cold water flowing along isobaths from underneath fast ice in the southwestern portion of the polynya toward the northeast. This plume carried relatively high nutrient and low oxygen inventories. Nitrate to phosphate ratios were low in the polar water, consistent with an ultimate source of this water mass in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean. It is hypothesized that the low N:P Arctic outflow might be the cause of nitrate limitation along the east coast of America as far as Cape Hatteras. Gradients of both nutrients and oxygen inventories in the euphotic zone were observed along and across the axis of mean flow within the polynya and are shown to be due to net production of organic matter. On the basis of these spatial gradients of nitrate and oxygen, an assumed along-axis current velocity of 10 cm s−1, and the observed relationships of biologically removed inorganic carbon with nitrate and oxygen, the net organic matter production was estimated to be 40–60 mmol(C) m−2 d−1. This represents the organic carbon available for export from the polynya euphotic zone. Nutrient-deficient and oxygen-rich waters were observed merging with the southward flowing East Greenland Current, suggestive of possible export, however, the ultimate fate of organic carbon produced within the polynya requires further study

Measurement of the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching ratio of B mesons and determination of vertical bar V-ub vertical bar

We report a measurement of the inclusive charmless semileptonic branching fraction of B mesons in a sample of 89x10(6) B(b) over bar events recorded with the BABAR detector at the Y(4S) resonance. Events are selected by fully reconstructing the decay of one B meson and identifying a charged lepton from the decay of the other B meson. The number of signal events is extracted from the mass distribution of the hadronic system accompanying the lepton and is used to determine the ratio of branching fractions B((B) over bar --> X(u)l (v) over bar)/B((B) over bar --> Xl (v) over bar) = [2.06 +/- 0.25(stat) +/- 0.23(syst) +/- 0.36(theo)] x 10(-2). Using the measured branching fraction for inclusive semileptonic B decays, we find B((B) over bar --> X(u)l (V) over bar) = [2.24+/-0.27(stat) +/- 0.26(syst) +/- 0.39(theo)] x 10(-3) and derive the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element parallel toV(ub)parallel to = [4.62 +/- 0.28(stat) +/- 0.27(syst) +/- 0.48(theo)] x 10(-3)