Pure ones: the WˁB AND WˁBT from the old Kingdom to the end of the middle kingdom

This thesis explores the development of the wˁb-title from the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. During the Old Kingdom, 59% of title-holders are linked to the royal mortuary cult, many of whom were promoted to the upper-ranking office of ḥm-nṯr. Of all of the known title-holders of the Old Kingdom, 46% were promoted to ḥm-nṯr. Although some wˁb.w continue to be linked to the royal mortuary cult in the Middle Kingdom, the majority of title-holders are now linked to the cult of a deity. Few wˁb-priests were promoted to (or served within) other priestly grades, e.g. ḥm-nṯr, ḥm-k3, ẖry-ḥbt, or s(t)m-priest. There is, however, a remarkable increase (4%) in the number of female title-holders during the Middle Kingdom. An investigation into issues of heredity and transfer of office revealed that the most common filial relationships for all historical periods were father-and-son and brother-and-brother. The information compiled within this study provides insight into the role of the wˁb in cult and society from the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. A chronological index, containing the names and title-strings of 524 men and women that held this title from the 3rd Dynasty to the 13th Dynasty concludes this study

A Study of Empathy and Teacher Self-Efficacy Among Preservice Early Childhood Educators

The present study sought to examine empathy and teacher self-efficacy among preservice early childhood teachers. Participants were selected from two courses in East Tennessee State University’s early childhood education program. A total of 18 students from their second year of study and 33 students from their fourth year of study participated. This totaled to 51 participants (92.2 % white, 2% African American and 2% Native American; 96.1% female, 3.9% male). An online survey that contained three sections, background information, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale was sent to the participants. After online surveys were completed, the data was analyzed to observe the relationship between the four empathy subscales (Perspective-Taking, Fantasy, Personal Distress, and Empathic Concern) and total self-efficacy among both groups of students. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between Perspective-taking and total self-efficacy among students in their fourth year of study. The results also revealed a significant difference in the two groups self-efficacy scores. Students in their second year of study had higher self-efficacy then students in their fourth year

Folklore and Identity in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights

Charlotte and Emily Brontë both incorporate folk traditions into their novels, which help define and complicate notions of class and identity in their work. This thesis examines the folklore of the novels, including customs, folktales, and material folk culture, and explores how these elements work within the worlds created by the Brontës. While scholars such as Micael Clarke, Lauren Lepow, and Heta Pyrhönen have established the presence of folk tale, ballad, and supernatural motifs in the Brontës’ work, few have discussed the ways in which folk culture, in particular, underscores the notions of class and identity

Parsing Hedonic Capacity in Schizotypy: A Multi-Method Assessment of Consummatory and Anticipatory Pleasure

This study was an attempt to examine anhedonia (or a reduced capacity to experience pleasant emotion) in individuals with elevated schizotypy. Anhedonia deficits in schizophrenia have been well-documented in studies utilizing self-report and clinician interviews; however, research has also shown that when presented with emotionally evocative stimuli, individuals with schizophrenia respond in a normative manner. One explanation for these paradoxical findings is that individuals with schizophrenia do not lack the capacity to experience pleasure (termed consummatory pleasure), but instead have a deficit in anticipating how pleasurable an event will be outside of the context of an immediately experienced event (known as anticipatory pleasure). Research is beginning to indicate that anticipatory pleasure deficits are evident in the schizophrenia population; however, a number of confounding variables are associated with this population which render conclusions about hedonic capacity difficult. A complimentary approach to examining individuals with schizophrenia is to identify nonclinical individuals with elevations in traits that are considered to be within the schizophrenia spectrum, namely, schizotypal traits. Utilizing the schizotypy concept first described by Paul Meehl, this study examines hedonic capacity using a multi-method approach (consisting of self-report, clinical interview, and an emotionally evocative stimulus) in schizotypy within a sample of undergraduate college students. Results were able to confirm that individuals with schizophrenia spectrum psychopathology both self-report and are rated as experiencing impairments in the ability to anticipate future pleasure. No group differences in anticipatory pleasure were identified on the laboratory stimulus, raising questions about our understanding of the nature of the anticipatory pleasure deficit in schizophrenia spectrum psychopathology

Taxometric Analysis of Negative Symptoms in An International Sample of Ten Countries

Negative symptoms have emerged as a replicable factor of symptomatology within schizophrenia. Although rating scales provide assessments along dimensions of severity, categorization of a negative symptom subtype is typically concluded. Despite an accumulation of findings that support categorical conceptualization, the data are also consistent with a dimensional-only model where negative symptom subtypologies simply reflect an extreme on a continuum of severity. Previous studies (Blanchard, et al, 2005) have used taxometric statistical methods to confirm the existence of a negative symptom subtype; however, the nature of taxometric methods requires replication (Waller & Meehl, 1998). The current investigation is a taxometric analysis of the World Health Organization Ten-Country Study of Schizophrenia. Data from a subset of 694 individuals were analyzed using the taxometric methods of maximum covariance analysis (MAXCOV) and mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC) and a latent class with a base rate of approximately .14 - .16 was identified

The Impact of Evangelical Gender Roles on College Females\u27 Vocational Aspirations

The purpose of this study was to understand the impact Evangelical gender roles have on college females’ vocational aspirations. The participants were divided into two groups based on common Evangelical gender roles, Complementarianism and Egalitarianism. Groups were determined by the participants’ responses to a gender role ideology inventory that was completed prior to qualitative interviews with the researcher. The research was guided by one research question: 1) How do Evangelical gender role perspectives impact college females’ vocational aspirations? The study was rooted in grounded theory; therefore a core story emerged from participants: Evangelical college females heard conflicting messages and internalized contradicting expectations, which led to compromise in future vocational aspirations involving career, education, and motherhood. The core story was further supported by the major themes that emerged including: the influence of family, confusion over the roles of a woman, the influence of Evangelical culture, and the resulting impact on vocation of career, education, motherhood, and civic engagement. Implications for practice include suggestions on how to better prepare women for the balance of career, motherhood, and civic pursuits

Social competence and theory of mind understanding in elementary school children with attention deficits

The following study explored relations between theory of mind understanding, social competence, and auditory processing in elementary school children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Children in this study were recruited from a local elementary school, as well as two outpatient clinics. Scores on measures of false belief and recursive thinking, social skills (Social Knowledge Interview, Harter, Emotion labels), and auditory processing (Test of Auditory Processing Skills, Revised) were obtained along with teacher ratings of children\u27s self-regulation as measured by Attention and Hyperactivity subscales of the Conners\u27 Teacher Rating Scale - Revised. Language ability was also measured using the Test for Comprehension of Auditory Language, Revised. Analyses indicated that children with and without ADHD differed significantly in their performance on all variables except the labeling of emotions, with ADHD children doing more poorly than their peers. Results also indicated that theory of mind understanding follows a developmental progression and that there is a positive relationship between false belief and recursive thinking tasks. A relationship between theory of mind understanding and social functioning in both groups was also found. Finally, regression analyses indicated that age, language ability, and auditory processing predicted performance on theory of mind, while hyperactivity predicted social competence

Theory of mind development and attentional processes in young school children.

The following study explored relations between theory of mind understanding, attention, language ability, and general intelligence. Scores on measures of auditory processing (Test of Auditory Reasoning and Processing Skills), language comprehension (Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language, Revised), matrix completion (Raven\u27s Colored Progressive Matrices), false belief and recursive thinking understanding were obtained along with teacher ratings of children\u27s self-regulation as measured by Attention and Hyperactivity subscales of the Conner\u27s Rating Scale. Analysis of zero-order correlations revealed self-regulation to be negatively correlated with recursive thinking, while age, general intelligence, auditory processing, and language ability were positively correlated with theory of mind comprehension. Regression analyses revealed that language ability and auditory processing accounted for the most variance in performance on theory of mind measures. These results are discussed with respect to their application to social skills training with children who exhibit attention deficits